Brooklyn

Initially, Brooklyn was a Dutch village called Brokelen, located on the shore of the East River , on the island of Long Island .

The west coast of Long Island was inhabited by the Canaries Indians, who ceded their lands to New Holland. The Dutch West Indies company established six cities on this site, which were called in English:

• Gravesend ( English Gravesend ) (1645);
• Brooklyn ( English Brooklyn , Netherlands. Breuckelen ) (1646);
• Flatlands ( English Flatlands , Netherlands. New Amersfoort ) (1647);
• Flatbush ( English Flatbush , Netherlands. Midwout ) (1652);
• New Utrecht ( English New Utrecht ) (1657), named after the city of Utrecht ;
• Bushwick ( born Bushwick , Dutch Boswijck ) (1661).

In 1664, the British conquered the New Netherlands , and all Brooklyn settlements became part of the New York colony. They began to expand, and in 1854 Brooklyn became a city. Although Brooklyn is part of the city of New York, it looks like an independent city, which cannot be said, for example, about the Bronx .

“... before the creation of 'Greater New York' in 1898, Brooklyn was the third most populated city in the United States (after New York and Chicago itself ). What is the rather big (and almost empty) building of the former municipality. When the Brooklyn Museum was laid, it was assumed that it would be larger than the Louvre . In response to the Manhattan Central Park, the Brooklynites hired the same architects to equip Prospect Park similar in purpose ... ” In a referendum on unification with New York, a few years earlier, only about 51% of Brooklyn voters voted in favor.

The central area is in northwestern Brooklyn. Its name is due to the fact that when Brooklyn was an independent city, this area was its center, both cultural and business. This continued until 1898, when Brooklyn became part of the city of New York . Now this space has undergone a redevelopment and is becoming the business center in which the Brooklyn Municipality (Borough Hall), the Brooklyn House of Justice is located. Area attractions include the Fulton Street Mall, Brooklyn Academy of Music and the Museum of New York Transportation. The area connects with Manhattan Brooklyn , Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges and the lines of the New York Metro.

Historically, Brooklyn was formed at an aboriginal crossing to Mannahata Island and along a trail that led from the crossing inland to Paumanok Island, which the colonists called the Long Island.

The Dutch colonial village of Breckelen (or Breukelen - Breuckelen), named after Breckelen in the Dutch province of Utrecht, was founded in 1646 by a group of colonists led by Jan Evertsen Bout, who became the first shephen (headman) of the village. Brekelen is located on the site of the indigenous village of Marekkavik, inhabited by the Marekkaviks, a chiefdom belonging to the Canaries. The Marekkaviks were survived from their lands as a result of the so-called Kift Wars, and the name “Marekkavik” (as well as a half-dozen spelling variations) disappeared from the land patents and maps of the colony in 1647. The village was located on the south side of the old Canarian path (now Fulton Street) between the current Elm and Gallatin lanes (Elm Place and Gallatin Place). According to both Henry Styles in the first volume of Brooklyn’s Stories in New York State and Peter Ross in the first volume of Long Island Stories from Early Settlements to the Present, the first dwellings of the first colonists were located on both sides of the Marekkavik trail, between the current streets Smith and Hoyt (Smith Street and Hoyt Street). When the village of Brooklyn was organized at the crossing and on Kleverna Gorka (now the Brulinsky Heights), Brokelen was located outside the official border of Brooklyn. Both locations became part of the city of Brooklyn, formed in 1834. The Marekkavik trail turned into Fulton Street, named after Robert Fulton, thanks to which a regular shipping service between the islands appeared. In the second half of the 19th century, the largest city department stores lined up along the former Marekkavik trail in the Broekelen area (many were expelled from the old Brooklyn center by the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge). In 1884 (?), During the construction of the foundation for one of the buildings of the Ebraham and Strauss department store (now Macy's department store) on the corner of Gallaten Lane and Livingston Street, Marekkavik burials were discovered.

At first, this territory was inhabited by the American Indians of the Metoacan tribe. In 1600, the Dutch gained power over this territory, calling it “Brokelen”, which means “broken line”. Until 1814, the center of Brooklyn and Brooklyn Heights were densely populated, as there was a very convenient ferry service to Manhattan. This made Brooklyn Heights (Brooklyn Heights) the first satellite of Manhattan, and the center of Brooklyn - the business center of Brooklyn.

To the city of New York, this territory departed in 1935 . There were many houses and elevated railways that were dismantled during the Great Depression. Instead of the railway, builders laid roads to the Brooklyn Bridge. Soon a competition was announced for the Brooklyn Assembly Hall project. The best project was recognized by the proposed Elizabeth Gordon and Stuart Constable. But this assembly hall was never built.

Today, in addition to historical sights, buildings of large companies, the center of Brooklyn is actively built up with more modern business centers and buildings of commercial companies. Nevertheless, the center of Brooklyn has not lost the appearance of the city center, which it historically was.

Brooklyn Heights Historic District

It is located near Brooklyn Downtown, limited by Court, Cadman Plaza (in the east), Atlantic Avenue in the south, its north abuts against Brooklyn and Manhattan bridges leading to Manhattan. The western part of the neighborhood is located on the East River, where the promenade is located.

On the opposite bank of the East River is Manhattan. Many New York Metro routes pass through Brooklyn Heights: A, C, F, M, R, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

Brooklyn Heights is an array in which quarter after quarter terraces of picturesque Victorian stone houses and several former estates are located. There are several architectural styles in the microdistrict, including houses of the federal type of the early 19th century in the northern part, houses in pseudo-Greek and pseudo-Gothic styles, as well as houses of the Italian type made of brown stone. Several houses on Pierpont Street and Pierpont Lane are real estates. Brooklyn Heights became the first Brooklyn neighborhood, whose homes since 1965 have come under the protection of the New York City Conservation Act.

Plymouth Pilgrim Church is located in Brooklyn Heights.

The promenade, limiting the neighborhood from the west, arose in 1953 over the Brooklyn-Queens two-tier freeway built by then. The promenade forms a “visor” located above both tiers of the road. Until 1953 there were simply slopes. The boardwalk offers views of Manhattan . Every July 4, during the fireworks for Independence Day, crowds of tourists visit the promenade. The eastern part of the boardwalk forms a green strip with many benches.

In the Brooklyn Heights area, the Russian poet Joseph Brodsky lived.

In Brooklyn there are several neighborhoods similar to Brooklyn Heights, for example, Park Slope, Clinton Hill, Fort Greene and others.

Located in the center of Brooklyn, more precisely on Flatbush Avenue. It has gazebos, museums, stadiums, ponds. The mass of busts of American politicians and Western European composers. In Prospect Park there is a large meadow area. On the territory of the park there are also Picnic House, which houses office space and a hall for 175 people, and a zoo. Prospect Park was designed by architects Frederick Olmsted and Calvert Vox .

In the north, Brooklyn is washed by the East River Strait, on the west side by the Narrows Bay, and then, to the south of the Verezano Bridge, “lower New York Bay”. The southern coast of Brooklyn is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. To the west is the open ocean, where Brighton Beach is located . Further east, the south coast of Brooklyn is washed by the Gulf of Jamaica. It is in the floodplains of this bay that Brooklyn's fauna and flora are most preserved, so these places are one of the parts of the Gateway National Recreation Area .

At the southernmost tip of Brooklyn is Coney Island ( Coney Island - distorted Dutch Konijn Eiland - Rabbit Island ). The boardwalk, starting at Brighton Beach, comes to Coney Island. Along the coast is one of the main highways of the area - Belt parkway.

Aquarium

The Brooklyn Aquarium is located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean , on Surf Avenue. From the ocean, the aquarium is separated by a beach and a wooden boardwalk ( English Board walk ), running along the coast. The aquarium has several pavilions and a pool where circus shows are held with the participation of fish.

Nathan's Famous

Further on Surf Avenue is the famous Nathan's Famous eatery, which hosts world-wide championships for eating hot dogs .

Amusement Park

On the shore, between the promenade and Surf Avenue, there is an amusement park that includes a Ferris wheel and a parachute tower .

Brighton Ballet Theater

Brighton Ballet Theater ( Brighton Ballet Theater ) - established in 1987, the Russian choreographic center in Brooklyn (New York) - one of the most famous Russian Ballet Schools ( Eng. School of Russian Ballet ) in the United States.

Coney Island Housing

In this area, as in Brighton Beach, there are many immigrants from the CIS countries. Due to the availability of social housing, the percentage of poor families and the unemployed is very high.

3 bridges lead from Manhattan to Brooklyn: the Brooklyn Bridge , the Manhattan Bridge and the Williamsburg Bridge . The Brooklyn Queens Expressway motorway provides fast connections between the two areas for cars, trucks, buses, etc. This road is part of highway number 278. At the southern end of this road is Verrazano Bridge . This bridge connects the Brooklyn and Staten Island districts. Brooklyn also has a Belt Parkway, which runs along the coastal areas of southern and southeastern Brooklyn.

• Brooklyn is served by a number of NYC subway routes. Among them are 2, 3, 4, 5, A, B, C, D, F, J, L, M, N, Q, R, going to Manhattan . Route G goes straight to Queens with many stops. The main interchange hubs are J Street - Metrotek , Atlantic Avenue - Barclays Center and Decalb Avenue . 92.8% of Brooklyn residents travel to Manhattan by subway, which operates 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.
• There are 56 bus routes in the area. The Brooklyn bus network covers every corner of the area. There are also several express bus services connecting Brooklyn to Manhattan. You can also take a taxi to Brooklyn.
• There is a suburban train station in Brooklyn where electric trains go to the Long Island countryside; this line has 2 intermediate stops in Brooklyn. New York's main train stations are in Manhattan.

• The official website of the head (president) of borough Brooklyn