Horde ( ancient Turk. Ordu - “headquarters, khan’s residence, palace” [1] ) is a military-administrative organization among the Turkic and Mongolian peoples. In the Middle Ages, this word denoted the rate, the capital of the ruler of the state, where the historiographical name of the large feudal states and unions of nomadic tribes came from, for example, the Golden Horde , Nogai Horde , White Horde . If the word fell into Russian by borrowing, then in German it existed long before the Mongol conquests: [2]
| noun hord , horde , ch. horden | noun hord ( weard ), ch. hordan | noun hord | noun horde |
| ancient german | Old English | Swedish | Dutch |
Later in European historical literature, in connection with the creation of a negative image of the ancient steppe peoples of Asia, this word acquires a negative meaning (something like “an army of a host of nomadic invaders”).
Content
Hordes
On the territory of modern Russia during the Middle Ages there were hordes:
- Golden Horde
- White horde
- Blue horde
other.
Notes
- ↑ Old Turkic Dictionary . - L .: Nauka , 1969 .-- S. 370.
- ↑ Meidinger, Heinrich . Dictionnaire étymologique et comparatif des langues Teuto-Gothiques: Avec des racines slaves, romanes et asiatiques, qui prouvent l'origine commune de toutes ces langues . - JV Meidinger, 1833. - P. 160 - 627 p.
Literature
- Small Dictionary of the History of Ukraine / Editor-in-Chief Valery Smoly .- K .: Lybid, 1997.
Links
- Horde // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.