The Samara-Zlatoust railway is one of the railways of the Russian Empire, built at the expense of the state treasury. Originally called the Samara-Ufa Railway . In 1890 , after the construction of the Ufa - Zlatoust section, it received the name Samaro-Zlatoust [comm. 1] . The construction began in 1885 , open until Ufa on September 8 (20), 1888 , until Zlatoust on September 8 (20), 1890 , to Chelyabinsk in 1892 [1] .
| Samara-Zlatoust railway | |
|---|---|
 Station Zlatoust . Photo by S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky, 1910 | |
| Years of work | 1885 - 1919 |
| A country | Russian empire |
| Subordination | Russian empire |
The road was one of the largest Russian railways of the late XIX - the first third of the XX century . It ran through the territory of the Samara , Orenburg and Ufa provinces and served as a link between the Volga region and the South Urals . From the opening of the movement along the Siberian Railway and the Yekaterinburg-Chelyabinsk branch ( 1896 ) to the opening of the Petersburg-Vologda-Vyatka Railway ( 1906 ), it was the only rail linking Russia and Europe with the Urals , Siberia and the Far East .
Content
Road Construction
The need to connect the Volga and the South Urals by rail was discussed in the late 70s of the XIX century , but the global agricultural crisis that erupted at that time prevented the start of construction. The decision to begin the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway once again made the issue of creating a railway between the Volga and the South Urals relevant. In 1882, research began on the Samara -Ufa section. The construction itself was started in 1885 with government money. The construction engineer was headed by K. Ya. Mikhailovsky and his assistants, P. S. Zhukov and P. S. Mukhlinsky, who later built the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The construction of the Samara-Ufa line took place in difficult conditions. There was a constant shortage of workers, since construction was mainly carried out in sparsely populated areas. A significant part of the path had to be laid on hard and rocky soils. There were problems with materials for construction. If limestone could be mined nearby, then sand and ballast were imported from afar.
The construction of the road was completed in 1892 [2] .
Road Development
In the years 1890-1893, the highway faced serious problems. Finding themselves in a difficult economic situation due to the underload, the management of the Samaro-Zlatoust road was forced to stop the movement of trains at night in the sections of Kinel - Pokhvistnevo and Raevka - Ufa, and also part of the crossings had to be closed. Despite the difficulties, the development of the road continued. So on September 8, 1890, the construction of the 300-mile section of Ufa - Zlatoust was completed, and the road was renamed Samara-Zlatoust. October 22, 1892, traffic began on the Zlatoust-Chelyabinsk stretch of 150 versts. On January 1, 1893, the road was combined with the private Orenburg railway , and it became known as the Samaro-Zlatoust branch with the Orenburg branch, and its length increased to 1,410 miles .
After transportation began along the Siberian Railway in 1896, the freight turnover of the Samara-Zlatoust Highway began to grow rapidly, and regular traffic was restored in all its sections. The development of the line continued until the outbreak of World War I.
In September 1895, construction began and on August 16, 1897, the construction of the narrow-gauge Krotovsko - Sergievskaya branch, which connected the road with the Sergievsky resort and the Timashevsky sugar factory, was completed. The engineer of communications and the writer N. G. Mikhailovsky supervised the work.
On December 28, 1898, traffic began on the Ruzayevka - Batraki section, with branches to the Volga steamship marinas.
November 11, 1900 connected the city of Syzran and the station of Batraki .
On January 1, 1905, a section of the road from Kinel to Orenburg was transferred to the Tashkent Railway .
On August 15, 1914 at the Chishmy station, the Samaro-Zlatoustovskaya and Volga-Bugulma railways were connected.
In 1916, the Samara-Zlatoustovskaya and West-Ural railways were connected at the Berdyaush station.
The history of the road after the revolution
In 1919, the Samara-Zlatoust railway was combined with the West Ural railway , in 1921 - with the Volga-Bugulminskaya railway (from Chishmy station to Chapel station-Verkhnyaya), and on July 1, 1929 a section of the Moscow-Kazan Inza railway was connected to the road - Ulyanovsk . In April 1934, when the South Ural Railway was created, according to the decree of the Council of People 's Commissars of December 13, 1933, part of the Samara-Zlatoust railway was transferred to it (together with part of Perm ) [2] . On May 26, 1936, the Samara-Zlatoust railway was renamed the V.V. Kuybyshev railway. On May 14, 1953, the main line was abolished and the main part was given the modern name - Kuibyshev Railway , the section after the Kropachevo station to Zlatoust departs to the South Ural Railway .
For a long time, the distance on the railway in the Samara region was counted from the Batraki station (later, in 1956, the city of Oktyabrsk was formed from the villages of Batraki, Right Volga, Kostychi and Pervomaisky) [comm. 2] . The stopping points of suburban trains bore the following names (names in brackets that exist from 1951-52 are indicated):
- 114 km (Design)
- 116 km (Sotsgorod)
- 120 km (Volgar, later - Krasny Kryazhok)
- 128 km (River)
- 130 km (Tolevaya)
- 133 km (Brick, later Kirkombinat)
- 135 km (Stakhanovskaya)
- 137 km (Five Year Plan)
- 139 km (Zavodskaya, later Mirnaya). [3]
Notes
- ↑ Yu. Menchik. The meeting of eras. The Kuibyshev Highway combined 17 predecessors / Article in No. 39 (11372) dated October 5-11, 2012, of the newspaper Kuibyshevsky Railway Worker (P. 13).
- ↑ 1 2 Kazakov A. L. et al. The Ural source of the Trans-Siberian Railway: the history of the South Ural Railway // Chelyabinsk: Auto Graph. - 2004 .-- 408 p. S. 99-104. ISBN 5-98518-004-2 .
- ↑ Surovikov E. Ya. Streets of Samara. - Samara, Papyrus, 1997.
Comments
- ↑ Here we must still remember that the borders between administrative units in those years were different from those between the current Chelyabinsk region and Bashkortostan . See details: Orenburg province , Ufa province , Zlatoust district , Chelyabinsk district , Chelyabinsk province .
- ↑ The first railway in the region was the Morshana-Syzran railway , built in 1874. In 1877, the road continued on the Batraki- Kinel section, with a ferry across the Volga to Batraki , where passengers, cargo and luggage were ferried in the summer on steamboats and in winter on the sleigh on ice. Then the numbering of stations by distance from Batrakov was introduced.
Literature
- Dmitriev-Mamonov A.I. , Zdzyarsky A.F. Guide to the Great Siberian Railway . The publication of the Ministry of Railways (with 2 phototypes , 360 photographic engravings, 4 maps of Siberia, 3 city plansѣ) // St. Petersburg: Art Printing Partnership. - 1900. - 600 s.
- Trivus M.L. ,. Samara-Zlatoust railway // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- The history of railway transport in Russia. T. I: 1836-1917 - St. Petersburg: "Ivan Fedorov", 1994.
- Great Russian Encyclopedia , 1994. - 559 pp., Ill.
- Towards a new century. - Kuibyshev: Kuibyshev Book Publishing House, 1974.
- RGIA, f. 446, op. 27, d. 3. Report No. 150. September 29, 1873 "On the formation of a joint stock company for the construction of the Samara-Orenburg railway."