Watch ( lat. Menyanthes ) is a monotypic genus of the Shift family ( Menyanthaceae ), represented by the species Three-leafed shift ( Menyanthes trifoliáta ), or Trefoil , or Trifol , grows in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere .
| Watch | |||||||||||||||||||
 Three-leaf watch | |||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||
Menyanthes L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Single view | |||||||||||||||||||
Three-leaf watch | |||||||||||||||||||
The name comes from other Greek. μηνύω “open, open” and ἄνθος “flower”, indicating the sequential opening of flowers in the inflorescence .
Popular names: female branchberry, fever, consumptive grass [2] .
Botanical Description
A perennial herb, 15–35 cm high, with a thick, rather long rhizome . The stalk is creeping, segmented, branching. green, spongy.
The leaves are all alternate, basal, large, more or less sessile, long-leaved with a triple plate, obovate, glabrous.
The flowers are whitish-pink, sometimes lilac, star-shaped, emerge from the sinuses of small bracts , collected in a thick, oblong brush on a leafless flower-bearing stalk 3-7 cm long. Corolla elongated, 12-14 cm, bell-shaped, densely pubescent inside. Five stamens .
Flower formula : [3]
The fruit is a single-celled, round- shaped capsule , pointed at the top, 7-8 cm long, revealed by two wings.
It blooms in May - June, the fruits ripen in July - August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 54.
Distribution and Ecology
It grows in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere, from arctic to subtropical zones of Europe , Asia and America .
It is found on peaty and mineral soils , on sphagnum bogs , along the banks of standing and slowly flowing water bodies , along the marshy outskirts of overgrown lakes and elders . A shift may be one of the components of the grass- shrub layer of swamps, moist forests, and meadows .
The chemical composition of plant materials
As a medicinal raw material use a watch sheet ( lat. Folium Menyanthidis ). These are leaves collected after flowering of a plant with a petiole residue no longer than 3 cm, dried at a temperature of 45-60 ° C [4] . The collection is from the second half of June; at earlier dates, the leaves are too juicy, darken when dried and do not meet the standards; in late harvesting, leaves with brown spots are often found [5] .
Flavonoids ( hyperazide and rutin ), bitter glycosides loganin , sweroside , meanthine [4] , which breaks down when boiled with diluted acids into glucose and meanthol, which smell of bitter almond water [5] , vitamin C , tannins (3–7) were found in the leaves of the watch %), alkaloid gentianin , ascorbic acid , fatty oil , carotene and other substances, in the underground parts - saponins , tannins , traces of alkaloids , inulin , betulinic acid and other substances.
Economic Significance and Application
In folk medicine, an infusion of leaves is used for a wide variety of diseases, but without sufficient grounds [5] ; the watch is part of choleretic, laxative, diuretic, mouth-watering and soothing teas and bitter tinctures.
It is used to stimulate appetite , increase tone , improve the excretion of gastric juice and peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract , with insufficient acidity of the gastric juice , as well as in the treatment of diseases of the liver and gall bladder , with tuberculosis , malaria , to stimulate gland function, calm the nerves and anemia . Decoction of the leaves is washed poorly healing wounds . Baths from the broth are sometimes prescribed for diathesis (scrofula) .
It has a choleretic, anticonvulsant, analgesic effect.
From left to right: General view of the plant, flower, inflorescence, section of the stem. | ||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Annenkov N.I. Botanical Dictionary. See section Literature .
- ↑ Barabanov E.I. Botany: a textbook for students. higher textbook. institutions. - M .: Publ. Center "Academy", 2006. - S. 326. - 448 p. - ISBN 5-7695-2656-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 Blinova K.F. et al. Botanical-Pharmacognostic Dictionary: Ref. allowance / Under (inaccessible link) ed. K.F. Blinova, G.P. Yakovleva. - M .: Higher. school, 1990. - S. 176. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Encyclopedic Dictionary of medicinal, essential oil and poisonous plants / Comp. G. S. Ogolevets. - M .: Selkhozgiz, 1951. - S. 56 .-- 584 p.
Literature
- Bereznegovskaya L.N., Berezovskaya T.P., Doshchinskaya N.V. Medicinal plants of the Tomsk region. - Tomsk: Tomsk University, 1972. - S. 28. - 170 p.
- Gubanov I.A. et al. 1034. Menyanthes trifoliata L. - Three-leaf shift, or Trifol // Illustrated identifier of plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2004. - T. 3. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dioecious). - S. 48. - ISBN 5-87317-163-7 .
Links
- Menyanthes trifoliata : information on a taxon in the Plantarium project (a identifier of plants and an illustrated atlas of species). (Retrieved July 12, 2016)
- Menyanthes trifoliata (English) : information on the IPNI website.
- Menyanthes trifoliata (English) : information on the GRIN website.