Mayak ( Latin Mayaca ) is a genus of plants of the monotypic Mayak family ( Mayacaceae ), which is included in the order of cereals ( Poales ). The genus consists of 10-12 species , distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of America .
| Mayak | |||||||||||||||||||
 Mayaca fluviatilis | |||||||||||||||||||
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| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||
Mayaca aubl . , 1775 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Outwardly, these small plants look like a well-known representative of the Mossy Department, the cuckoo lin ( Polytrichum commune L. ).
Botanical description
Stems are long, slender, thin, simple or branched. The root system is underdeveloped and consists of individual lobes of thin roots. As with other aquatic plants, land forms mayyak much smaller than aquatic. The length of ground specimens - 2-2.5 cm (up to 8 cm in the shade), water - reaches 1 m or more.
The leaves are alternate, sessile, pale green, linear or filiform, the tops are sharp, often ending at the apex with two teeth, vagina-free . In the land forms of the Mayaks of the river, the leaves are very small, only 2-3 mm long, and in aquatic lengths it reaches 1-1.8 cm.
The flowers are small, bisexual, actinomorphic , arranged one at a time in the axils of the leaves or, rarely, gathered at the top of the shoot in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence . The double perianth consists of three almost cuspaceous sepals , three tiled leaf petals and stamens alternating with them. Reversely pure white, pink or purple petals only slightly exceed sepals.
The fruit is a three-sided box , opening three doors. Seeds are small, spherical or ovoid, dark-colored, with a reticular-pitted surface.
Dissemination and ecology
This is a typical swamp plant that loves water. For a long time can grow in the water column. Mayaks also grow on land along the banks of ponds, lakes, ditches, in swamps and bogs, where they prefer humus - rich soils, while water forms take root right in the coastal sand.
The plant is easily propagated by dividing the stem and separating the young shoots from the plant.
Classification
Taxonomy
In the APG II (2003) system, this genus is included in its own family of Mayacaceae (Mayacaceae) of the order Poses of the Commelinids clade of the order Monocotyledons ( Monocotyledones ).
The Kronkvist system (1981) placed the Mayacaceae family (Mayacaceae) in order Commelinales of the subclass Commelinidae of the class Liliopsida .
Types
According to the information of The Plant List database (as of July 2016), the genus includes 6 species [2] :
- Mayaca baumii Gürke - Mayak Baum
- Mayaca fluviatilis aubl . - Mayak River
- Mayaca kunthii Seub.
- Mayaca longipes Mart. ex Seub. - Mayak long-legged
- Mayaca madida ( Vell. ) Stellfeld
- Mayaca wrightii Griseb. - Mayak Wright
Notes
- ↑ On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the “APG Systems” section of the article “Monocotyledons” .
- ↑ Mayaca (Eng.) . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). The appeal date is July 27, 2016.
Links
- Mayacaceae in L. Watson and MJ Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants : descriptions, identifications, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006. http://delta-intkey.com . (eng.)
- Mayacaceae in the Flora of North America (Eng.)