Tel Abu Hureira ( Arabic. تل أبو هريرة ) ("tel" in Arabic, hill) is an early Neolithic settlement in western Mesopotamia . One of the first settlements of ancient farmers . Located on a mountain plateau near the southern bank of the Euphrates River, now - northern Syria , east of Aleppo .
An early Mesolithic settlement was founded in approx. 9500 g BC e. [1] Probably carriers of Natufi culture as a result of their expansion from the southern Levant . It consisted of a small number of typically Natufi rounded in terms of wooden structures. The population consisted of no more than 100-200 people. Food was provided by hunting and gathering . Household pits for storing food were found in huts. The objects of hunting are gazelles, wild donkeys and sheep, large ungulates, foxes, hares and poultry. Harvested wild-growing cereals - wheat , rye , barley .
From about 9050 g BC e. rye was cultivated [1] , presumably due to a decrease in the area of wild cereals due to climate change. Later, the settlement was left for a long time by the inhabitants. After prolonged desolation, it was again populated by carriers of PPNB culture. Compared with the previous period, the population has increased tenfold. The houses were built of adobe bricks on a hill formed mainly by the remains of former structures. Several types of plants were cultivated. The remnants of the skeletons of residents bear traces of deformations characteristic of farmers, especially from grinding of grain [2] . Grazing pets. After 5300 g BC e. used pottery [2] . The settlement was finally abandoned after 5000 BC. e.
Archaeological research
Excavations were carried out in 1972-1973. in connection with the preparation for flooding by the reservoir. Preliminary research results of the samples were published in 1983, final in 2000 [1]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Moore, Andrew MT Village on the Euphrates: From Foraging to Farming at Abu Hureyra. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. - ISBN 019510806X .
- ↑ 1 2 Molleson, Theya. The Eloquent Bones of Abu Hureyra (Eng.) // Scientific American . - Springer Nature 1994. - Vol. 271 , no. 2 . - P. 70-75 . - PMID 8066433 .
Links
- World's first farming found in Near East . Date of treatment May 9, 2008. Archived March 30, 2012.
- First farmers discovered , BBC News (October 28, 1999). Date of treatment May 9, 2008.