Khopersky okrug is an administrative unit in the north of the region of the Don Russian Empire .
| Khopersky District | |
|---|---|
| A country |  Russian empire |
| Province | Region Don Cossacks |
| County town | Uryupinskaya village |
| Population | 253,055 ( 1,897 ) |
| Area | 18,052 kmΒ² |
 | |
The administrative center is the village of Uryupinskaya .
The length in length (from north-east to south-west) is 200 miles (more than 210 km ), and the width is 120-150 miles (128-160 km).
Area - 15 861 square versts (1,652,267 dessiatines or 18,052 kmΒ² ).
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Current status
- 3 Geography
- 3.1 Soils
- 3.2 Hydrography
- 3.3 Flora
- 4 population
- 5 Religion
- 6 Economics
- 6.1 Earth
- 6.2 Agriculture
- 6.2.1 Crop production
- 6.2.2 Livestock
- 6.2.3 Fishing
- 6.3 Industry
- 6.4 Trading
- 7 Administrative divisions
- 8 Education
- 9 notes
- 10 See also
- 11 Literature
- 12 Links
History
By the beginning of the 20th century, the Don Army Region consisted of 9 districts: 1st Don, 2nd Don, Donetsk, Ust-Medveditsky, Khopersky, Cherkassky, Rostov, Salsky and Taganrog. Cossacks of the district served in the following units: Light cavalry - 1st Don Generalissimo Prince Suvorov, 18th, 35th, 13th Don Field Field Marshal Prince Kutuzov-Smolensky, 30th, 47th, 14th Don Ataman Efremov, 31st, 48th, Horse artillery - 6th. 13th, 20th Don Cossack batteries, separate hundreds - 4th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th In 1918, from parts of Ust-Medveditsky, Donetsk and Khopersky districts was formed Verkhne-Don.
Current status
On the territory of the former Khopersky District of the Region, Don troops are now located in the cities of Uryupinsk , Alekseevsky , Kumylzhensky , Nekhaevsky , Novoanninsky , Uryupinsky
Geography
In the east, it bordered with the Saratov province , in the north-west - with the Voronezh province .
In the south it bordered with the Donetsk district , in the east - with the Ust-Medveditsky district .
Today, the entire territory of the district (including Uryupinsk ) is located in the Volgograd region .
The Khoper River , flowing from north to south of the district, it was divided into 2 parts: western and eastern (larger in area).
The predominant nature of the area is steppe , but there are also hilly hills cut by deep beams , although not to the same extent as in the neighboring Ust-Medveditsky okrug .
Soil
The soil is very good for tilling , pastures to date have fed hundreds of herds of slaughtered livestock; in this respect the Tishan steppes especially gained fame; the percentage of convenient land reaches 85%; chernozem and loam prevail; sandstones and solonetzes occur in places.
Hydrography
Irrigation of the Khopersky District - the Khoper River and its left tributaries: Buzuluk and Kumylga .
The Khoper River flows through the entire district, flowing into the Don immediately upon entering the Ust-Medveditsky District .
Buzuluk, originating in the Ust-Medveditsky district, flows first to the north, and within Khopersky changes direction to the south-west and flows into Khopyor.
Flora
Forest vegetation is sparse - 59 133 tithes are occupied by forest (64.6 thousand ha or about 3.6% of the area).
Population
Residents according to the census of 1897 - 253,055 (125,503 men and 127,552 women).
In the military class in 1901, there were 184,484 (91,911 men and 92,573 women).
Religion
The vast majority of the population are Orthodox ; there are 887 schismatics and 236 other confessions .
By the end of 1928, 175 churches were operating in the Khopersky District, 95% of which were closed during collectivization [1] .
Economics
Earth
The table shows the data on the lands allotted to all 25 villages of the Khopersky okrug.
| Land type | Area, des. | Area, ha | Area per capita male population dec./pers. | Area, % of the total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable | 1 205 422 | 1,316,924 | 13.1 | 91.15 |
|
|
|
| |
| Inconvenient | 117,055 | 127 883 | 8.85 | |
| Total | 1,322,477 | 1,444,806 | 14,4 | one hundred |
Military reserve lands 8 813 acres.
In 1925, land surveying was carried out in the Khopersky district, while solving the tasks of accelerating the stratification of Cossacks and destroying the Cossack community. A unified land use system was introduced, wealthy families received plots in remote places, and the poor - near villages and farms [1] .
Agriculture
Crop
The main occupation of the inhabitants is tillage , which has developed especially strongly with the Gryaz-Tsaritsyno and Tsaritsyno-Tikhoretskaya railways .
According to 1900, in the Khopersky district, 596 471 acres (651 645 hectares ) were plowed for sowing grain, 483 737 quarters were sown, that is, 1.9 quarters per capita (twice and three times higher than all other districts of the region); collected 2,274,123 quarters , i.e. 9.2 quarters per capita; the average yield is 3β5 [2] .
Mostly sown wheat , oats , millet , less often - barley , rye , peas , lentils . The dominant fallow system . The development of tilling is facilitated by the spread among the population of improved agricultural machinery and implements; currently [3] in the Khopersky district they are in 43,219 households; one improved tool accounted for 6.2 souls among the natives, and 5.6 souls for nonresidents.
Under the gardens, 17β18 thousand tithes were cut out, for melons - 10β11 thousand tithes.
There are relatively many hayfields ; on average, about 7 million pounds of grass are removed.
Livestock
Stock:
- horses - 78 032
- cattle - 289,226 goals
- sheep - 237 434
- goats - 12 107
- pigs - 71,156
- Camels - 30
Beekeeping is gradually developing - 286 apiaries with 5447 beehives , giving an average gross income of 40,622 rubles .
Fishing
Small fishing : in 1900, 427 pounds of red and 8380 white fish were caught, worth about 15 thousand rubles.
This craft is concentrated exclusively in the villages and farms of Khopru . A lot of small fish is caught in lakes , but it comes mainly to the food of fishing families.
Industry
Factory activity is poorly developed: in 1897 there were 1009 establishments, all small, with a total production of 250 thousand rubles. ( mills ).
Trade
The main subject of trade is bread . Trade is concentrated mainly at the Pokrovskaya fair in the village of Uryupinskaya , and is also carried out at the stations of the Gryaz-Tsaritsyno railway throughout the year. Trade is in the hands of large buyers . Cattle also serve as an important subject of trade, but the increased plowing of pastures for crops, as well as the general unsatisfactory state of the Russian livestock industry, have significantly reduced this trade operation in the Khopersky district.
There are 164 grain shops , by January 1, 1901 there are 46 892 quarters of bread, 55 091 quarters in loans and arrears.
Administrative Division
Cossack settlements of the Great Don Army in 1918 [4] : and 9 volosts (Aleksandrovskaya, Krasnopolskaya, Kupavskaya, Machushanskaya, Nikolaevskaya, Semenovskaya, Solonskaya, Trostyanskaya, Uspenskaya)
| No. p / p | Yurt | Stanitsa | Farms |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | Akishevsky | Akishevskaya | Altynnikov, Borisov, Burenin (Gutorkov), Denisov (Koloskov), Zimanov, Zryanin, Zatonov, Kankin, Lukyanov, Lunyakin , Nesterov , Olenev, Parshin, Pankin (Minin), Podpesochny , Popov, Controversial, Stubborn, Pimonov, Filaretov, Shurupov |
| 2 | Alekseevsky | Alekseevskaya | Andreev, Zmievka, Karpov, Kovylin, Kochkarin (Semernikov) , Lipetsk , Podbanny, Polyansky , Pomalin , Popov, Ryabov (Malakhov), Sekurov, Serebryany (Dementiev), Stezhensky , Surchin, Tavolzhanka , Chekunov, Chechersky , Yamensky |
| 3 | Anninsky | Anninsky | Afonin, Berezovs - 1 and 2, Biryukov, Bocharov, Budarin, Bylkov, Gogolyachev, Gulyaev, Demkin, Zvezdkov, Ivanov, Karpushin, Kolesnikov, Korolev, Kuznetsov (Vodyansky), Krupnikov, Larin, Loskutkov, Merkulov, Nazarkin, Popov, Priastakhov , Rodnikov (Bison), Perevozinsky, Samsonov (Railway Station), Simonov, Soloviev, Tarasov, Ushakov, Khoroshunov, Chekunov, Cherkessov |
| four | Arzhenovsky | Arzhenovskaya | Barmin , Bizymenka, Bereznikov, Biryuchensky, Verkhne-Lesnoy, Two Trees, Golinsky, Krainsky, Red, Red Yar, Lipov, Lyubimov, Malaya Demkina, Grave, Molokanov, Nizhne Lesnoy, Newcomer, Cut, Deer, Olkhovskaya , Panin, Birch trees , Rebrikov, Ryabov, Saratov, Satarov, Senin, Serebryansky, Sidorov , Slates, Old Fish, Groundhogs, Thin, Chomutov, Bayonets |
| 5 | Buratsky | Buratskaya | Vodinsky, Krivov, Luchnovsky , Nekhaev , Pavlov, Sukhov, Ataman, Olkhovsky, Klyuchansky, Dyakonovsky. |
| 6 | Dobrinsky | Dobrinskaya | Baltinov, Verkhne-Bezymenovsky, Grigoryev, Gromkovsky, Egorov, Zaburdyaev - 1 and 2, Kamensky, Kudryashov, Lunensky, Nizhne-Antoshin, Nizhne-Bezymenovsky, Pleshakov, Ryshin, Skvortsov, Studenov, Topolev |
| 7 | Durnovsky | Durnovskaya | Buyerachny, Veselyansky, Vikhlyaysky, Free, Golovskoy, Demin, Debts, Kosov, Martynov, Solovyov, Middle, Tavolzhansky, Fedotov |
| 8 | Zotovsky | Zotovskaya | Averin, Bezymenkov, Berezovsky, Golenkov, Grishin, Dolzhinsky, Drobov, Eliseev, Endova, Zhukov, Zakharov , Kayekhtin, Kalmykov - 1 and 2, Krivov, Kruglov, Lisin, Lobachev, Mernov, Mitkin , Plesinsky , Podgorsky, Pokruchinsky, Privalov, Bearing, Traveler 1 and 2, Reshetov , Ryabov, Serebryanka, Skulyabin , Sulyaev, Trekh-Lozhinsky , Tyurin, Cherkesov, Churekov, Sharashkin , Shvetsov, Shchepetkov, Katankin |
| 9 | Kotovsky | Kotovskaya | Gorsko-Popov, Grachev, Davydov, Kotloban, Krepov, Novinsky, Novo-Kardail, Osipov, Popov, Fomin, Chulinsky |
| 10 | Kumylzhensky | Kumylzhenskaya | Alimov, Andreev, Burlatsky, Glushitsky, Golovskoy, Gorshkov, Dundukov, Zakumylzhensky, Zatyuremsky, Katankin, Klyuchevsky, Well, Krantsov, Krutinsky, Lyalin, Meshcheryakov, Nikitin, Oblivsky, Ozerinsky, Poddubrovsky, Podsotny, Potapov, Rodapov, Rodapov, Rodapov, Rodapov, Rodapov, Rodapov, Rodapov, Rodapov, Rodigov Trinity, Fomochkin, Frolov , Chiganaki, Chernov, Chunosov, Shelkashev, Shilin, Shchemilov, Yarsky |
| eleven | Lukovsky | Lukovskaya | Birch trees, Verkhne-Dolgov, Verkhne-Rechensky, Nizhne-Dolgov, Nizhne-Rechensky, Alder, Ostryakov, Sukhov, Fedosov |
| 12 | Mikhailovsky | Mikhailovskaya | Abrosin, Aleksikov - the top. and nizhn., Alferov, Astakhov, Batrakov, Bespalov, Bolshinsky, Bugrov, Verkhne-Forshtadt, Vilkov, Bethleras - 1 and 2, Vdovolsky, Verkhne-Bubnov, Verkhne-Mokhovaya, Vyshnyakov, Dvoinov - top. and lower., Duplyatsky, - top. and nizhn., Ermilov, Zarnikov, Karagochny, Kardash, Krasnyansky β 2, Krasnyansky - top. and nizhn., Lysogorka, Medvedev, Mironov, Morgunov, Nizhne-Bubnov, Novo-Nikolaevsky, Nizhne-Mokhovy, Orlov, Serkov - top. and nizhn., Sadkov, Somov, Saltynsky, Sosnovsky, Santyrsky, Skabelin, Skvortsov, Sredne-Forshtadt, Stanichno-Podgorny, Sukhov, Sychov, Trukhtensky, Uvarov, Firsov - top. and lower., Khopersky, Tseplyaev - top. and lower., Cherkassky, Chugovskoy, Chumakov |
| 13 | Pavlovsky | Pavlovskaya | Akchersky, Atamanov, Babin , Bolshe-Sosnovsky, Golovskoy, Gorelov , Isakiev , Kagalnik, Karpov, Klyuchanov, Krasnov, Lukyanov , Makarov, Malo Babin, Alder , Poklonov , Romanov, Igolinsky |
| fourteen | Petrovsky | Petrovskaya | Akchernsky, Bezplemyanov, Bezimenka, Gorbunov, Verkhne-Soin, Kamensky, Karataev, Krivov, Krutin, Lower Soin, Surochin, Rzhavsky |
| fifteen | Pravotorovsky | Pravotorovskaya | Avramov, Golovskaya, Oak, Countrymen, Lobachev, Meloskovsky, Rodnikov, Pigs, Semenov, Tushkanov |
| 16 | Preobrazhensky | Preobrazhenskaya | Bocharov, Grishin, Grudnev, Donsko-Yakushev, Dubrovsky, Ermakov, Zhitenev, Zavyazin, Zubrilov, Kazarin, Lapin, Strakhov, Suvorov, Uglyansky, Shiryaev |
| 17 | Tepikinsky | Tepikinskaya | Akchernsky, Bulekov, Venchakov, Dryaglev, Dyakov, Karaichev, Makarov, Podgatsky, Podgorinsky, Podsosninsky, Rossoshin, Sazonov, Samodurov, Safonov |
| eighteen | Tishansky | Tishanskaya | Artanov, Gaev, Gushchin , Endova , Kamensky, Krasnov, Kudinov , Mazin, Murugov, Pimkin , Popov, Ryshkin, Samoshinsky , Sokolov, Sychev, Pretty |
| 19 | Uryupinsky | Uryupinskaya - administrative center of the district | Akishin, Burtsev, Gorsky, Dronov, Dyakonov, Krasnyansky, Kukhtin, Lukyanov, Nizhne-Kardail, Serkov, Olshanka |
| twenty | Ust-Buzulutsky | Ust-Buzulutskaya | Arepiev , Kulichkov, Larin , Malinov, Alder, Perepolsky, Podhimsky , Recheshniy , Stanov , Sukhov , Trekhbuyrachensky, Ugolsky |
| 21 | Filonovsky | Filonovskaya | Alsyapin, Andreev, Anikeev, Baklanov, Verkhne-Chesnokov, Galushkin, Gromkovsky, Izmailov, Kalachev, Red, Kirpichev, Korotkov, Kosov, Kuzkin, Lestyukhin, Marchukov, Podchumachevsky, Pyshkin, Rastrygin, Rogsky, Rozhnov, Salamatin, Sam, Samatin, Sam Titov , Fokino-Don, Firsikov, Chelyshev |
| 22 | Yaryzhensky | Yaryzhenskaya | Amochaev, Belavin, Borisov, Greshnov, Dubovskoy, Kalinov, Klimenov, Kozlin, Kulikov, Pereshchepnov, Popov, Rastokin, Rogachev, Soloneshny, Tubochny, Hawks |
Education
The following educational institutions were located on the territory of the district:
- real school
- district school
- 4-year school for women (all in the village of Uryupinskaya )
- two male two-year parish colleges
- 24 classmates
- 21 classmates
- 5 female 3rd category
- 20 rural elementary schools
With regard to literacy, the Khopersky district ranked fifth in the region . In 1900, 51,979 people were considered literate (39,444 men and 12,535 women). The overall literacy rate in the district was 28.1%.
Notes
- β 1 2 Vorobev A.V. Alekseevsky district // From Elton to Uryupinsk . - Volgograd: Stanitsa-2, 2004 .-- 65 p. Archived October 22, 2006. Archived October 22, 2006 on Wayback Machine
- β Sam- n - meant that the harvest was n times more than was spent on sowing.
- β At the time of writing, the beginning of the 20th century
- β "Forum of the site" Free Village " .
See also
- Administrative division of the Don Army region in 1918
Literature
- Khopersky district // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Links
- Khopersky district on the forum site "Free Village"
- Khopersky Cossacks on Prikhoperye On-Line!
- Don Troops Region, L. Weinberg. SPb., 1897.