Abu Muslim Abdurrahman ibn Muslim al-Khurasani , known as Abu Muslim Muslim . أبو مسلم ; 700-755) - the head of the Abbasid movement in Khorasan . The anti-Mameyad rebellion overthrew the Umayyad Arab caliphate from the throne and brought the Abbasids to power.
| Abu Muslim | |
|---|---|
| governor of Khorasan 749 - 755 | |
| Predecessor | Nasr ibn Sayyar |
| personal information | |
| Nickname | Abu Muslim |
| Profession, occupation | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| A place of death | |
| A country | |
| Religion | |
| Father | Muslim |
| Battles | |
| Had an impact | Abbasid revolution |
Content
Biography
Information about the origin of Abu Muslim vary. It came from the Iranian province of Isfahan [1] . It is likely that, as a Persian slave, he belonged to the “non-Arab” social group, which was particularly discriminated against by the Umayyads . According to one version, he was a slave to one of the Abbasid propagandists in Kufa, Isa al-Sarraj, according to another - belonged to a large Arab landowner from Isfahan province imprisoned in Kufa [1] , serving his master, Abu Muslim met with al-Sarraj and began to fulfill his errands. Subsequently, Abu Muslim was sold (or ceded) to the leader of the Abbasid propaganda in Khorasan, Abu Salam. At the beginning of 744, they traveled together to Khorasan. Later it was presented to Ibrahim ibn Muhammad , who freed him and gave him the name Abdurrahman and brought him closer to himself [1] .
In Khorasan , where the Abbasids had been stirring up the population against the Umayyads for 20 years, the attitude towards Abu Muslim as a representative of the social lower classes was initially ambiguous. For several years (745–746), he managed to rally Arabs with non-Arabs around him, attract fugitive slaves, Iranian peasants, and everyone dissatisfied with Umayyad rule to the protest movement.
In March 747, Ibrahim sent Abu Muslim as his personal representative in Khorasan. In May, he arrived at the Merv oasis and in a month gathered several thousand supporters, from feudal lords to slaves, to whom he promised freedom. [1] On June 15, 747, Abu Muslim openly opposed Caliph Marwan II .
Having shown the remarkable talent of a military leader, Abu Muslim took possession of Merv in the winter, took Nishapur and Tus for 748, and at the beginning of 750 defeated the Umayyads on the Bolshaya Zab River . The Abbasid caliph al-Saffah allowed him to become the governor of Khorasan, using the help of Abu Muslim to suppress new rebellions. Having established his position, in July 749, Abu Muslim killed the sons of the leader of the South Arab group, Dzhudai'a al-Kirmani, then organized the assassination of the head of the Abbasid center in Kufa, Abu Salama, and dealt with the head of the Khorasan anti-Meymyad organization Suleyman Ibn Qasir [1] .
In 750, the Arabs of Bukhara, dissatisfied with the new dynasty, revolted and many rulers of Maverannahr [1] rebelled. In July 751, the troops of his commander Ziyad ibn Salih defeated the Chinese troops in a battle that went down in history as the Battle of Talas . At the beginning of 752, Abu Muslim returned to Merv, but Ziyad, appointed governor of Maverannahr, organized an uprising and Abu Muslim again had to cross the Amu Darya [1] .
The successor of Abu Muslim among the succeeding al-Saffah in 754 caliph Mansour aroused suspicion and envy. In November 754, Abu Muslim suppressed the rebellion of uncle al-Mansur, Abdullah ibn Ali, and captured the large booty that the caliph demanded for himself. The outraged Abu Muslim headed back to Khorasan, but the caliph managed to call him for explanation in Ktesifon (al-Madain). On February 12 (or January 20), 755, Abu Muslim was killed during an audience with Caliph al-Mansur [1] . The body of the military leader was thrown into the Tiger . The news of his death caused unrest in Khorasan.
Abu Muslim did not show sympathy for the teachings of the "extreme" Shiites. However, some sects of the “extreme” Shiites recognized him as imam, and the sect of abumuslimia arose [1] . Abu Muslim became a national hero, gathered his followers under his banners Mukann , Babek insisted on his origin.
In Fiction
- The activities of Abu Muslim are described in the novel by the Russian writer Master Chen, "Favorite hawk of the Abbas house."
- The legends about Abu Muslim, which existed in Merv, subsequently formed the basis of the folk Persian language "Kissa-i Abu Muslim" [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Islam: ES, 1991 .
Literature
- Bolshakov O. G. Abu Muslim // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Science , GDVL , 1991 . - S. 10. - ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .
- Abu Muslim in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Abu Muslim // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2004. - T. I. - ISBN 9965-9389-9-7 .
- Abū Muslim // Encyclopaedia Britannica
- ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ - prominent leader in the ʿAbbasid cause // Encyclopædia Iranica