Russian Kameshkir

It is located 35 km south of the Chaadayevka Kuybyshev railway station on the Penza-Samara line, 120 km southeast of Penza , on the Kameshkirka River, a tributary of the Sura. The total area of ​​127 thousand hectares. The area borders with the Gorodishchensky, Lopatinsky, Shemysheysky, Kuznetsk, Neverkinsky districts of the Penza region and the Saratov region.

Climate

The climate is temperate continental.

Winter is moderately cold. Winter and temperatures in January range from −12.8 to −13.9.

Spring friendly, short, with sharp fluctuations in temperature associated with the invasion of cold masses of Arctic air.

Summer is warm (average July temperature is from +19 to +19.7 degrees). On individual hot days, the maximum temperature rises to 38 degrees.

Autumn is characterized by early frosts. On average, the first frost occurs on September 23. The frost-free period lasts in the region on average 130 days.

The annual rainfall in Kameshkir district is 415 millimeters. The Kameshkir district is partly part of the region of moderate moisture and the region of insufficient moisture. Snow cover is established in the third decade of November, and it disappears, on average, in the first decade of April. The average number of days in a year with snow cover is 140.

Relief

Kameshkirsky district is located on the Volga Upland, the highest height is 331 m on the Kikino-Chirchim uplift. This uplift is composed of sand and clay deposits of Cretaceous age. The relief is a deeply dissected plain, smoothed lumpy-hilly forms of the ancient erosive dissection of the plains predominate.

Russian Empire

The village was founded around 1700 on the lands of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery ^[2] and was originally called Sergievsky by the name of the church with a throne in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh . The newly-baptized Mordvinians and monastery peasants lived in it, engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding, extraction of flagstone, producing millstones, pottery and other crafts.

V. Yuriev ^[3] noted:

the monastery received from every soul a well-known quitrent from 70 k. to 1 ruble per year, collected "crown money" of 25 k. from the wedding and "for a brood of girls" in marriage to the side of 3 rubles. for every girl (...). The Lavra provided the peasants with all the land, forest and other lands without collecting a special fee from them. "However, the peasants incurred in-kind and monetary duties:" in addition to a salary of 10 kopecks determined by the authorities. from each smoke, "entry and bath" 4 kopecks. from smoke, "festive" - ​​1 1/2 kopecks. with wailing (wailing was equal to 15 tithes, divided into three fields), the rulers received more for bread and for all sorts of supplies

In 1859, the village had 770 yards, a church, a rural school, a post station, two annual fairs, a bazaar, 5 small industrial establishments, and 3 mills.

In 1877, the village had a church, a school (opened in 1843 ), a postal station, 2 shops, 7 inns, 3 tanneries, 3 brick factories, a vodka factory, and a mill.

USSR

Until 1928, Russian Kameshkir was the volost center of the Kuznetsk district of the Saratov province , then the center of the Kameshkir district .

In 1926, there were bazaars on Fridays and 2 fairs a year in the village: on the 9th week after Easter and on October 8 - Sergievskaya (trade in livestock and manufactured goods).

In the late 1930s. there was a power station, telephone, 150 radio points, and a small leather factory.

Since the 1930s, the neighboring villages of Iskra Ilyich and Krasny Molot, October 11, were included in the village.

In 1975, the village entered the line of the village. Lutkovka, located on the left bank of the river. Kameshkir.

In 1969, an airfield was built, receiving and sending flights from which left for Penza, Kuznetsk and other regional centers of the region.

Russian Federation

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the village experienced unemployment. Many enterprises in the district and in the village were closed, including one of the most productive collective farms of the Dawn region, after which only the Dawn company appeared. The population began to decline, the salary in the village did not exceed 10-12 thousand, many went to work in Penza, Moscow. At present, the village is undergoing stability, which was sacked in the 1990s by the Bread Factory, has earned money again and makes the residents happy with fresh bread every day, and new enterprises are appearing. In most cases, agricultural. Kameshkir is slowly improving, as the dynamics of the area indicate, the population is also increasing in small steps. ^[four]

In 2017, the village has a mechanized leshoz, Kameshkirsko-Lopatinskoye lesnichestvo, a feed mill, an oil factory, an agricultural enterprise Rassvet based on the collective farm of the same name (pig breeding, grain and meat and dairy production), a brick factory, a shoe factory, a bakery, a smoking factory, a regional hospital, a secondary and 2 elementary schools, a cultural center, a cinema, an entertainment center Komsomolets, a library, and other social and cultural institutions.

The village also received such significance because of the transport junction, of course, the main highway through Russian Kameshkir is Nizhnaya Yeluzan - the border of the region, this driver is used mainly by heavy truck drivers to shorten the way to Saratov, the Russian truck Kameshkir - Bazarny Karabulak is also used by heavy truck drivers, about not to shorten the path to Saratov, but to shorten the path to Balakovo, Volsk, as well as to Kazakhstan. The Russian Kameshkir-Kuznetsk highway is again mostly used by heavy truck drivers to shorten the route to Kuznetsk, Ulyanovsk, Samara.

Russian Kameshkir is the largest transport hub in the region.

In 2017, even Russian Kameshkir increased its population, if in 2016 it was 5,226 people, then in 2017 it was 5461 people.

Rural transport

There is no public transport in the village. Only there are stopping pavilions:

• Kirova street
• Turn on Shatkino
• Tavern Kameshkir patterns
• Turn on Chumayovo
• Turn on Lapshovo
• Turn to Perestrovka
• Bus station
• Market
• White Key

Suburban transport

Buses to Kuznetsk, Porzovo, Lapshovo, Beguch, Dubrovki, Mordovian Kameshkir, Chumayovo, Mamadysh depart from the Russky Kameshkir bus station.

Intercity

Bus communication from the bus station with the cities: Penza, Kuznetsk, Gorodishche, Saratov, Moscow. Routes of regional significance pass through the village.

Carriers

• OJSC "Kameshkir ATP"

Rail Transport

There is no train station in Kameshkir. At 35 kilometers from it is the railway station Chaadaevka. From it you can get to other regional centers and the capital of Russia. Routes from Kameshkir to Chaadayevka follow daily.

Air Transport

Until 1992, an airfield operated in Russian Kameshkir. From there it was possible to get to various regional centers and district centers of the region. Daily flights departed from there to Penza, Saratov, Kuznetsk, Bashmakovo, Kamenka and other cities. In the 90s, the airfield was closed due to lack of funds. Today, a helipad exists in Kameshkir, but it is used only for industrial purposes by Gazprom. The runway is now used only by a local driving school, for the purpose of training ground for the training of drivers. But some 30 years ago, the airfield received and sent flights.

1. Microdistrict "Lutkovka" arose due to the annexed village.
2. Microdistrict "Gagarina", arose because it was in the years 1960-1965 Khrushchev built there, especially in 1961 in the year of the flight of Yu.A. Gagarin. Also in this area is the main park, which is called "named after Yu.A. Gagarin"
3. Microdistrict "Farewell"
4. Microdistrict "Jackal"

The main streets in the village are also considered:

• Kirova street
• Radishchev street
• Gagarina street

Around the village there is also the route Nizhnyaya Yeluzan - Russian Kameshkir - Lopatino - The border of the region (58K-66). It serves as a bypass or bypass route

KKAD (Kameshkir Ring Road). In the eastern outskirts there is a direction to Kuznetsk, through the Russkiy Kameshkir-Kuznetsk (58Н-143) highway, along it also get to other villages of the region. Along the southern outskirts, at the end of Radishchev Street, the Russky Kameshkir - Lapshovo (58Н-118) highway is heading, and you can also reach other large settlements of the region - Dubrovka, Kulyasovo. In the southeastern part of the KKAD there is a ramp to the Russky Kameshkir-Bazarny Karabulak highway (63K-00085).

Kameshkir has long been famous for its wooden architecture. Magnificent decoration adorns many houses in the village. In the consumer services complex, you can order home decoration in this style, this object was not spared. The restaurant "Kameshkir patterns" or in the common people "Cockerel" was built in 1980, for Baikonur. But for some reason, fortunately for the Kameshkirites, it was not put into operation in Star City. The wooden decoration is made famous throughout the country, natives of Kameshkir, brothers Sorokins. They bothered to arrange the “Old House”, which is under state protection, “Cockerel” - the famous tavern that can be visited in Penza, the Museum of Local Lore, Kameshkirsky “Cockerel” and many other buildings. A.F. Kovlyagin (Head of the Penza Region Administration in 1993-1998) said in an interview:

"Glory to the master carpenters, we must develop the direction of the craft originating from Russian Kameshkir, wooden architecture is an original Russian tradition. People should not forget this. Although they definitely will not forget in Kameshkir. Glory to the masters, glory to the architecture, glory to Kameshkir."

But still they are engaged in architecture, in Kameshkir every 2 houses are decorated with wooden delights. Such a few where you will meet. It is a pity that only people began to value little what their ancestors did. For example, “Lutkovsky Square” was spoiled by vandals in the village, but fortunately the authorities did not spit on it and called in the craftsmen to restore the former decoration.

Finance

In the village there are branches of the largest Russian banks, such as Sberbank of Russia, Rosselkhozbank.

Industry

• Unty ot Ivanovich OJSC is a shoe factory manufacturing winter shoes.
• Kameshkir Bread Mill LLC - was closed in the 90s, in 2017 it was completely restored in a new form.
• OJSC Kameshkirsky products is Nikolay Lapshin’s meat processing company engaged in the manufacture of sausages, sausages, ham, rolls, etc.
• LLC "Kameshkir butter and cheese factory" - this factory has existed since 1929, the oldest enterprise of Kameshkir, is engaged in the manufacture of cheeses, yogurts, oils, fermented baked milk, etc.
• OJSC "Kameshkir feed mill" - in the 90s was privatized by a private person, occupies the highest place in the agricultural activity of the region.
• Kameshkirsky Leskhoz OJSC - the organization operates in the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, produces commercial wood, high-quality lumber, round sawn timber, and wooden houses.
• PMK "Kameshkirskaya" - a company engaged in construction work.
• Kornoil LLC - production of vegetable oils.
• Suragro LLC is an agricultural company of Kameshkira (farm).
• FE "Morozov VS" - an enterprise for the production of bricks, building tiles, blocks, also provides wood processing services.
• Kameshkiravtodorservice OJSC is an enterprise engaged in the reconstruction of roads in the area. It performs road construction works.
• Kameshkir-Meshkotara LLC is an enterprise engaged in the production of plastic products for packaging goods.
• LLC "Kameshkirsky elevator" - agricultural enterprise
• JSC "Kameshkir ATP" - a trucking company
• Conrex LLC is a cattle breeding enterprise.

Trade

The sphere of the consumer market in the village is represented by enterprises of trade, public catering, as well as consumer services. Trade plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Russian Kameshkir.

Village Trading Networks

• Beeline (mobile phone store)
• Megaphone (mobile phone salon)
• MTS (mobile phone salon)
• Magnet (grocery chain)
• Pyaterochka (grocery chain)
• Stoff (curtain chain store)
• Bristol (a network of liquor stores)
• Red & White (chain of alcohol stores)
• LADA Detail (a network of auto parts stores)
• Hostess (household goods)
• Oaks (chain of butchers)
• Rus (local grocery chain)
• Kolos (local grocery chain)
• Alina (local grocery chain)
• Expert (household appliance chain)
• Fortuna (perfume and cosmetics shop)
• Ruble Boom (perfume and cosmetics shop)
• Domovoi (chain stores of household goods and household appliances)
• Builder (chain store of building materials)
• Metalloptorg (network of household goods stores)
• Wallpaper World (wallpaper store chain)

Large malls in the village

• supermarket "Pyaterochka"
• supermarket "Magnet"
• complex "Covered Market"
• Complex "Clothing Market"
• Shopping center "Metelitsa"
• TC "Kolos"
• "Food market"
• household goods store "Metalloptorg"
• TC "Crystal"

List of secondary schools

• Kameshkir Agricultural College
• School of Music

List of schools and kindergartens in the village

• Inter-settlement Central School No. 1 (1,500 children, working in 2 shifts)
• Primary school No. 1 (4 classes)
• Primary school No. 2 (4 classes)
• Kindergarten "Sun" №1
• Kindergarten "Fairy Tale" №2

Medical health care facilities:

• Kameshkir Central District Hospital with 150 beds
  • Main building: surgical, pediatric, resuscitation, emergency, therapeutic, neurosurgical, cardiology, neurological, infectious wards.
  • Case number 2: a clinic for adults, a clinic for children.
  • Case number 3: dispensary
  • Building number 4: morgue
  • Case number 5: maternity hospital, ophthalmology department.
  • Case number 6: women's consultation, children's, trauma departments.
• dental clinic
• Western FAP
• Northern FAP
• Southern FAP

Museums

• Museum of History and Local Lore
• Belyanin family museum

Cultural houses

• Kameshkir Central District House of Culture

Cinemas

• cinema "Victory"

Libraries

• Central District Library
• Central District Children's Library

Parks, squares, alleys

• Park named after Yu.A. Gagarina, opened in 1950. May 1, 1961 was named after Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin - the first man to fly into space.
• Lutkovsky Square, opened in 2005. In 2008, reconstruction was made due to vandalism in the park.
• Park in the forest "Lenin", a giant inscription made up of trees by the workers of the leshoz, which is visible from space. Embodies the patriotic spirit to the leader of the world proletariat V.I. To Lenin. The giant inscription "LENIN" made of trees was made in 1967, the year of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution.
• The world of the Russian countryside, a certain square. It presents all household items and tools of Russia. A plow, a plow, a Russian hut, a mill, even a Russian field and much more are in this complex. Opened in 2006.

In the village there is a church of the Russian Orthodox Church. Trinity-Sergius Church. Most residents are Orthodox. The temple was built in 1709. After the revolution, in 1930 a power station was installed in the church, then the first one in the area, for the protection of which a machine gun was installed on the bell tower, after dropping the bells on the ground. The current was generated by a heat generator, into the furnace of which everything that burned was thrown: icons, books, utensils. From 1970 to 1989, the Selenergo organization was located in the building of the former church and a building materials store was operating. In 1989, Archbishop of Penza and Saransk Seraphim appointed priest Oleg Kropochev, rector of the Kameshkir parish, who gathered the villagers and organized a parish council at the Trinity-Sergius Church . To meet the needs of believers, the administration of the Russian Kameshkir transferred the building of the former church to use. Voluntary donations began to be collected, and thanks to frequent worship services and the help of almost all residents of the region, the church became better every year and finally acquired its original appearance. On the Holy Trinity Day, the church celebrates its patronal feast. Transforming in front of everyone, he does not cease to attract believers with his beauty. A library is constantly operating at the church, and the holy spring (local “Jordan”) “White Key ” quenches thirst and heals with healing water many people who “flow by faith to it”.

Newspapers

The Kameshkir district newspaper Nov, the newspaper Favorite newspaper Kameshkir, is distributed in the territory of the region. The editorial board of the Kameshkir district newspaper "Nov" is located at the address: S. Russky Kameshkir, st. Radishchev 11.

Television

Digital television is operating in the village, 1 multiplex and 2 multiplex were launched in 2016. Broadcasting is conducted from the television tower "Grace". Also in the village you can catch analogue television, but only Channel One, Russia 1 Penza, NTV, STS. Connection of regional broadcasting

GTRK Penza for digital television, was produced on September 10, 2017.

Communication and Internet

In the village there is a connection and the Internet of the largest Russian operators such as:

• MTS
• Megaphone
• Beeline
• TELE 2

Access to the Internet is carried out by mobile operators, and the company "Rostelecom", "Dom.ru" carry out to the house

For sports events in Russian Kameshkir there are various objects:

• FOK "Lighthouse"
• Soccer field in the park named after Yu.A. Gagarina (equipped with spectator stands)
• Football field, near school number 1
• Hockey box in the park named after Yu.A. Gagarina

Clubs

Currently, there is only one Rubin football club in the village.

Stadiums

The stadium, equipped with spectator stands, is located in the park named after Yu.A. Gagarin. This is where the matches take place. Usually, it is a tradition in a village to open or close a season on a holiday, when the whole village gathers in the park.

Indoor sports facilities

FOK "Mayak", the only indoor sports complex in Kameshkir, built in 2008.

Attractions today:

• Trinity Sergius Church
• Spring "White Key"
• Monument to the fallen soldiers
• Monument V.I. To Lenin
• central square
• Restaurant "Kameshkir patterns"
• The inscription from the trees "LENIN"
• Belyanin Museum
• Museum of History and Local Lore
• Central square
• Beekeeper
• Index "Russian Kameshkir"
• World of fairy tales
• Fountain
• Raipo
• Old house

• Geography of Russia: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.P. Gorkin . - M .: “The Great Russian Encyclopedia”, 1998. - S. 491. - 800 p. - 35,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-276-5 .
• Volosts and the most important villages of European Russia. Vol. 4. St. Petersburg, 1883.
• Address-calendar of the Saratov province for 1895. Saratov, 1895.
• Berdnikov V. Monastic patrimony. - “The Way of Lenin” (R. Kameshkir), 1968, March 28.
• Berdnikov V.P. Russian Kameshkir / Penza Encyclopedia. M .: Scientific publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 2001, p. 531-532.
• Guildenbrand E. Ya. So how old is Russian Kameshkir? - “Nov” (R. Kameshkir), 1995, January 14.
• Poluboyarov M.S. - http://suslony.ru , 2007.

• On the site "Penza region: cities, towns, people"
• On the portal "Suslon"