Ivan Vasilievich Sabaneev ( 1770 - August 25, 1829 ) - Russian military leader, general from infantry from the Sabaneyev clan.
| Ivan Vasilyevich Sabaneev | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Ivan Vasilyevich Sabaneev workshop [1] of George Dow . Military Gallery of the Winter Palace , State Hermitage Museum ( St. Petersburg ) | |
| Date of Birth | 1770 |
| Date of death | August 25, 1829 |
| A place of death | Dresden |
| Affiliation |  Russian empire |
| Rank | general from infantry |
| Commanded | 12th Jaeger Regiment (1802-1803) 3rd Jaeger Regiment (1808-1810) |
| Battles / wars | The Russian-Turkish War (1787–1791) , the Italian campaign of Suvorov , the Swiss campaign of Suvorov , Friedland , the Russian-Swedish War (1808–1809) , the Russian-Turkish War (1806–1812) , Berezina , Bautzen , Kulm , Dresden , Leipzig |
| Awards and prizes | Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamonds, St. Vladimir of the 1st art., St. Vladimir of the 2nd art., St. Anna of the 1st art. with diamonds, St. George of the 3rd class., St. George of the 4th class., St. Vladimir of the 3rd art., St. Vladimir of the 4th art., St. Anna of the 2nd art .; Prussian Red Eagle 1st Art., Austrian: Leopold 2nd Art .; gold sword “for courage” with diamonds. |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 notes
- 3 Literature
- 4 References
Biography
He participated in the 2nd Turkish War (1787-1791), in actions against the Polish Confederates and the assault of Prague (1794), in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov . The wounded and captured in the battle of Altdorf , was sent to France , where he learned the new rules of the loose system .
Upon his return to Russia, Ivan Vasilievich presented a project on the introduction of this system in the Russian army, which was completed. In 1803 , at the head of the 12th Jaeger Regiment , he went beyond the Kuban ; in 1807 he distinguished himself in a campaign against Napoleon ; in 1808 - 1809 he participated in the war with the Swedes ;
On August 2, 1809 he was awarded the Order of St. George , 4th class
| In retaliation for the excellent courage and courage shown during the battle of May 3 at Picklete's pick against the Swedish troops, where, despite the wound sustained in the continuation of this campaign, he suffered all the difficulties of an extraordinary passage across the bay and, being outfitted to pursue the enemy convoy, caught up thereof, the escort broke his guard and took several prisoners. |
November 24, 1809 was awarded the Order of St. George , 3rd class
| in retaliation for the excellent courage, courage and prudent orderliness shown in the battle against the Swedish forces at Sefar on August 7 , where the first, having entered into action, knocked the enemy down from an important height he occupied, and then, commanding most of the troops, contributed a lot to victory and On the 8th, when attacking the Ratan harbor, commanding the convoy, contributed a lot to success. |
In 1810 - 1811 he took an outstanding part in the Turkish war , then - in the campaigns of 1812 - 1814 . In 1812, Sabaneev was appointed chief of the main headquarters of the southern army (commander in chief admiral Chichagov ), which in July moves to the Volyn province with five corps, one of which, 5th or reserve, is appointed to command the Sabaneyev, while retaining the post of chief of the main headquarters of the southern army. In the campaign of 1813, he was the chief of staff of the Barclay de Tolly army and contributed to the conquest of Thorne (1813); He participated in the case at Königsvart and in the Battle of Bauzen , was in the battles of Dresden, Kulm (for which he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamonds) and Leipzig. In the campaign of 1814, he fought at Brienne-le-Chateau, Fer-Champenoise, Arcy-sur-Ob, Fer-Champenoise and Paris. In 1815, Ivan Vasilievich, in 1815, having entered France again at the head of the 7th Corps, blocked Metz and cleared the Vosges Mountains from the enemy.
He was wounded 4 times. The chest portrait of General I.V.Sabaneyev by G. Dow is in the gallery of heroes of 1812 in the Winter Palace on the wall between the portrait of Barclay de Tolly and the exit from the gallery in the front row from the bottom.
After returning to Russia, he was appointed commander of the 6th Corps of the 2nd Army (which included the 16th Division of M.F. Orlov ), stationed in the south. Decembrist V.F. Raevsky wrote about Sabaneev [2] :
| Growth no more than 2 arshins and 3 apexes, nose red, lips puffy, eyes very short-sighted, rising and falling like a owl’s, red-brown hair, sideburns of the same color under a necktie, husky and intermittent voice, speech, meaningless, words without connection. He spoke with his wife (whom he had taken from Dr. Shipovsky), with the adjutants, as if he was scolding. The man is biliary, spasmodic and intemperate - he drank daily up to 6 glasses of punch, and the same amount of wine, and several glasses of vodka. |
In January 1822, Sabaneev in Chisinau investigated the events associated with the uprising of the Kamchatka Infantry Regiment of the 16th Division, and the activities of M.F. Orlov and V.F. Raevsky. When one of the commanders, Captain Bryukhanov, angered by the actions of the Captenarmus, who prevented him from making money on provisions, took advantage of the first insignificant mistake of the latter, ordered him to be punished with sticks, the company, outraged by the obvious injustice of punishment, tore the comrade from the hands of the non-commissioned non-commissioned officers, having taken the latter are also sticks.
M.F. Orlov, having examined the case, recognized the claims of the soldiers as correct and put Captain Bryukhanov on trial. Sabaneyev, who himself had previously issued orders prohibiting ill-treatment of lower ranks, this time took all measures to suppress revolutionary sentiments. He reviewed the case, as a result of which Bruchanov was released from court, and the perpetrators of the "riots" were punished with a whip and exiled to hard labor. The punishment was carried out in such a way that it really had the character of torture, according to P. Dolgorukov , all those punished died a few days later [3] .
In January 1822, Sabaneev met with A.S. Pushkin during the period of the poet's southern exile in Chisinau. In the same year, Pushkin accidentally overheard his boss’s conversation with Sabaneyev about the upcoming arrest of V.F. Raevsky and managed to warn him. In connection with this case, Pushkin had a negative opinion about Sabaneev, but subsequent meetings with him contributed to the fact that it changed for the better. In 1824, Pushkin was invited by Sabaneev to dinner. According to legend, the poet put the story of the first marriage of Sabaneev, which to some extent became the prototype of Colonel Burmin, as the basis for the story “ Blizzard ”.
In December 1823, Sabaneev was promoted to general from infantry. In May 1827, dismissed. Having been living in Odessa since 1816, he did a lot for the improvement of the city and the development of spa business in Pyatigorsk . He died in Dresden, was buried in Odessa on the site of the current Transfiguration Park. From the second marriage with Pulcheria Yakovlevna Boretskaya, which Sabaneyev took away from her first husband, a military doctor Shipovsky, there were no children.
Notes
- ↑ State Hermitage Museum. Western European painting. Catalog / Ed. V. F. Levinson-Lessing; ed. A. E. Krol , K. M. Semenova. - 2nd edition, revised and supplemented. - L .: Art, 1981. - T. 2. - P. 259, cat. No. 7855. - 360 p.
- ↑ From the literary heritage of V.F. Raevsky. Memoirs // Literary Heritage. T.60.- M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954. - [Ch.] II. - Prince 1 .-- S. 47.
- ↑ Dolgorukov's diary // Links, IX.- 1951, S. 43-44, 130-131.
Literature
- Sabaneev, Ivan Vasilievich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Kolyubakin B.,. Sabaneev, Ivan Vasilievich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Dictionary of Russian generals, participants in the hostilities against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812-1815. // Russian archive. The history of the Fatherland in the evidence and documents of the XVIII — XX centuries. : Collection. - M .: TRITE studio N. Mikhalkova , 1996. - T. VII . - S. 543 . - ISSN 0869-20011 . (Comm. A. A. Podmazo )