Sabal [2] ( Lat. Sabal ) is a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the Palm family ( Arecaceae ) of the order Palm - colored ( Arecales ). A total of 16 species are known [3] , in appearance somewhat resembling the palm trees of the genus Chamaerops . The name of this family of palm trees was given by the French naturalist Michel Adanson in 1763, in his book Familles des Plantes [4] .
| Sabal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Sabal palmetto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sabal Adans. 1763 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Description
Tall palm trees with a trunk height of up to 25β30 m and a diameter of up to 60 cm, and undersized with an underground trunk growing obliquely at the beginning and then rising above the ground [5] [2] .
The leaves are fan-shaped evergreen, laminated almost to the base of the plate into segments or otherwise feathers, the segments of the plate along the grooved with split ends, often having long white threads in the corners. The leaf stalk is long, smooth, without thorns, somewhat grooved, ending with a short axis with triangular upward curved edges or a short asymmetric tongue, from which the bases of the leaf segments diverge [2] . The leaf stalk is continued in the leaf blade in the form of a rod β rachis ; sometimes it extends almost to the top, forming the median ridge and bending the plate, it gives the leaves greater strength [6] . Leaves without needles.
Paniculate inflorescences , 1β2 m long, up to 2.75 m, with small bisexual flowers [5] . Flowers sessile, solitary, whitish or greenish, six-petal perianth with 3 sepals and 3 petals. Calyx scyphoid, corolla tubular at base, stamens 6, fused with tubular base of corolla, free above. Ovary 3 β lobed, 3 β nesting; triangular column with capitate [7] [2] .
The fruit is dark blue or a black spherical drupe with a fleshy pericarp [7] .
Seeds are shiny, spherical, slightly flattened [2] .
Dissemination and ecology
Representatives of this genus grow in different places. They can be found on wet, sandy and saline soils along the banks of rivers and reservoirs, in swamps and in savannas, as well as on the seashore. Flowers are pollinated by insects, mainly bees. Sabal fruits can be eaten by birds and animals (bears, deer, raccoons) [8] , thereby spreading the seeds. Floating fruits of Sabal Maly are distributed in water.
In the wild, Sabali grows in Colombia and Venezuela , in Mexico and Central America , in the Caribbean and surrounding areas including the Bermuda Islands in the Atlantic . In the United States , the genus range covers the southern and south-eastern states, and a representative of this genus, Sabal, is small in North Carolina and is the northernmost palm tree in North America [9] .
Meaning and application
Wood of high-trunk species is used as a durable building material that does not rot in water. Coarse fabrics are made from leaf fibers. Young leaves and buds of Sabal palm-shaped are eaten, for which the palm tree was called cabbage palm [5] .
As ornamental plants, they are cultivated in almost all countries with a subtropical climate [10] . In Russia , 2 species are cultivated on the Black Sea coast , small Sabal and Sabal palm-shaped; both are decorative [7] .
Some species of Sabal are bred in greenhouses as ornamental plants; such, for example, is the almost stemless species. Sabal is small, wild in Carolina and Florida .
Classification
According to The Plant List , the genus contains 16 species [3] .
- Sabal bermudana LHBailey - Bermuda Sabal , grows on several islands of the Bermuda archipelago .
- Sabal Γ brazoriensis DHGoldman, Lockett & Read (S. minor Γ S. palmetto)
- Sabal causiarum ( OFCook ) ex Becc.
- Sabal domingensis Becc.
- Sabal etonia Swingle ex Nash
- Sabal gretherae HJQuero.R.
- Sabal maritima ( Kunth ) Burret
- Sabal mauritiiformis ( H.Karst ) Griseb. & H.Wendl.
- Sabal mayarum Bartlett
- Sabal mexicana Mart.
- Sabal minor ( Jacq. ) Pers. - Small Sabal has no developed above-ground trunk or it is short.
- Sabal palmetto ( Walt. ) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. - Sabal palm-shaped from Carolina and Florida, has a trunk of 6-25 m in height.
- Sabal pumos ( Kunth ) Burret
- Sabal rosei ( OFCook ) Becc.
- Sabal uresana Trel.
- Sabal yapa C.Wrigh ex Becc.
Notes
- β On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the βAPG Systemsβ section of the article βMonocotyledonsβ .
- β 1 2 3 4 5 DixSSR, 1951 .
- β 1 2 Sabal - The Plant List
- β Tropicos | Name -! Sabal Adans
- β 1 2 3 Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1986 .
- β Imhanitskaya, 1985 , p. 42β46.
- β 1 2 3 Kolesnikov, 1974 .
- β Sabal in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
- β Imhanitskaya, 1985 , p. 18; 42-46; 76; 80; 85.
- β DixSSR, 1951 , p. 76.
Literature
- Sokolov SG, Shipchinsky N.V., Pilipenko F.S. Genus 7. Sabal - Sabal // Trees and Shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. Toma S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1951. - T. II. Angiosperms. - p. 75-78. - 612 s. - 2500 copies
- Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov; Edited .: A. A. Baev, G. G. Winberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1986. - P. 553. - 831 p. - 100 000 copies
- Imkhanitskaya N.N. Palma / Otv. ed. A.L. Tahtajan. - L .: Science, 1985. - p. 42-46. - 243 s. - 2350 copies
- Kolesnikov A. I. Decorative dendrology . - M .: Forest industry, 1974. - p. 612. - 704 p.
- Sabal / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Links
- Sabal : information about the taxon in the Plantarium project (a determinant of plants and an illustrated atlas of the species).
- Sabal on the site of the flora of North America
- GRIN
- Tpl