Sabadilla , or lousy seed [2] ( lat. Schoenocaulon officinale ) - a plant that grows in alpine meadows in the mountains of Central America and in northern South America ; species of the genus Schenocaulon of the family Melantius .
| Sabadilla | ||||||||||||||
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 Sabadilla. Botanical illustration from Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen , 1887 | ||||||||||||||
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| Schoenocaulon officinale ( Schltdl. & Cham. ) A. Gray ex Benth. | ||||||||||||||
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Content
Biological Description
Sabadilla is a perennial bulbous plant . 5-6 linear leaves and one flower arrow, reaching up to 1 m in height, develop from the bulb.
Flowers are nondescript greenish. The inflorescence is spike-shaped .
The fruit is a three-nest drop-down box . Each nest contains 2-3 seeds. Seeds are oblong-lanceolate and dark brown in color. They are 5–9 mm long and up to 2 mm across, somewhat curved, pointed at the apex, thickened and rounded at the base, where a scar is visible. The surface of the seed is covered with longitudinal wrinkles. There is no smell . The taste is burning and bitter. Seeds cause excessive salivation . The powder of them strongly irritates the respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the eyes and nose [3] .
Distribution and habitat
It grows in the mountains of central and southern parts of North America .
History
Aztec use
In the work “ General History of the Affairs of New Spain ” (1547-1577), Bernardino de Sahagun , based on information from the Aztecs on the properties of plants, provided various information about sabadilla, in particular that:
There is another herb called kimichpatli . She has a flower stalk. She has bells. She burns people. Kills people. This is a bush, it is deadly. This herb kills mice mixed with any food they like. This herb, attached to decaying ulcers, eats away all the suppuration from them and reveals living flesh. I take kimichpatli [4] .
Chemical Composition
Seeds of sabadilla ( lat. Semen Sabadillae ) contain 4-5% steroid alkaloids , the amount of which is known as "veratrin." The main factor in this amount is cevadin , which is an esterified derivative of cevanin in the form of a glycoside .
Economic Significance and Application
A decoction of seeds and tincture are used as an antiparasitic agent. Veratrine is used in ointments as an irritant and distracting agent for neuritis and rheumatism . Seeds taken internally cause diarrhea and vomiting, and in an increased dose, a general loss of strength and death [5] .
Sabadilla seeds were part of the Russian Pharmacopoeia and the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR VII and VIII editions. They were an object of import [3] .
Notes
- ↑ Schoenocaulon officinale (Schltdl. & Cham.) A.Gray . The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. Date of treatment September 21, 2012. Archived October 17, 2012.
- ↑ Sabadilla // Rona - Samoilovich. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1955. - S. 556-557. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B. A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 37).
- ↑ 1 2 Blinova K.F. et al. Botanical-Pharmacognostic Dictionary: Ref. allowance / Ed. K.F. Blinova, G.P. Yakovleva. - M .: Higher. school, 1990. - S. 234. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
- ↑ Sahagun, 2013 , p. 88.
- ↑ Tarkhanov I.R. ,. Cardiac Poisons // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- Bernardino de Sahagun , Kuprienko S.A. General story of the affairs of New Spain. Books X-XI: The knowledge of asteks in medicine and botany / Ed. and per. S.A. Kuprienko .. - K .: Vidavets Kuprіnko S.A., 2013 .-- 218 p. - (Mesoamerica. Sources. History. Man). - ISBN 978-617-7085-07-1 .
- Muravyova D.A. Tropical and subtropical medicinal plants: - M .: Medicine, 1983. - 336 p.
Links
- Sabadilla (English) : information on the GRIN website. (Retrieved September 16, 2009)
- Sabadilla // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Sabadilla - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .