Zabrezhnev, Vladimir Ivanovich

Born in a merchant family. Father: Fedorov Ivan Fedorovich, merchant of the Second Guild, hereditary honorary citizen of St. Petersburg. Mother: Olympiad Nikolaevna. Son: Stepan Vladimirovich Zabrezhnev, born in 1919 in a marriage with Edda (Evdokia) Stepanovna Zabrezhneva. He died at Kronstadt in 1943 in the star. Art. leith. KBF, Knight of the Order of the Red Star. Grandson: Zabrezhnev Viktor Stepanovich, commander of a submarine, Northern Fleet, covaler of the Order For Service to the Homeland.

In 1895 he graduated from the Petrovsky Commercial School of the St. Petersburg Merchant Society. He was a volunteer at the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University and at the same time at the biological courses of Professor P.F. Lesgaft .

In the revolutionary movement since 1895, a member of the Marxist circle of law students. He taught at the Sunday school for workers' factories K. Ya. Palya and D. D. Maxwell at the Nevsky Zastava , created several Social Democratic circles and working groups in the residential barracks of the Petrovsky Spassky manufactory of Palya-Maxwell. He participated in the preparation and distribution of prints of St. Petersburg Social Democrats at the enterprises of the city. At the beginning of 1899 he entered the St. Petersburg Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class .

On April 17, 1899, he was arrested in the "case of the preparation of the May Day demonstration." During the investigation, the bastion of the Peter and Paul Fortress was placed in the Trubetskoy fortress . In August 1899, he was released on bail by his father under police supervision until the verdict was announced. On October 13, 1900, on the basis of the Highest Command, he was placed under public surveillance by the police for 3 years and sent to Novgorod (then transferred to Saratov ) with a ban on living in the capital, provinces and several other cities of Russia. In 1903, after the expulsion, he went abroad.

Influenced by his acquaintance with P. A. Kropotkin , G. I. Gogelia and other anarchists, he sided with them and since 1904 considered himself an anarchist-communist . In 1904-1905 it was occasionally published in the newspaper Bread and Freedom .

1905 Revolution

In March 1905, together with N. I. Muzil (Rodgaev) and his wife O. I. Malitskaya, he returned to Russia, participated in the creation of the South Russian group of anarchist communists in Kiev . He published the newspaper Nabat. On April 30, 1905, he fled during the liquidation of the circle and went to Moscow .

In early May 1905, one of the organizers of the first Moscow group of anarchist communists, “Bread and Freedom”. He left for the propaganda of anarchism and the recruitment of members of the organization in the Volga region (Saratov- Samara - Nizhny Novgorod ). June 11, 1905 returned to Moscow, at the cottage in with. Bogorodsky reprinted on the hectograph materials from the newspaper "Bread and Volya". July 16, 1905 was arrested during the liquidation of the group "Bread and Freedom" in with. Bogorodsky. When arrested, he tried to provide armed resistance. Attracted by a military court to an inquiry on charges of attempted murder of captain Krushinsky and for belonging to a group of anarchists. From July 18 to November 24, 1905 (according to other sources - to November 28, 1905) he was held in Butyrka prison , from where, according to the decision of the Moscow Court of Justice, in view of the Highest Decree on Amnesty, he was issued with a cash deposit of 300 rubles. before the court, in view of the transfer of the case to the criminal court.

December 6 - 17, 1905, along with other Moscow anarchists participated in the December armed uprising . He organized among the workers of the publishing house br. Pomegranate non-partisan fighting squad and sanitary unit. Participated in recent battles on Presnya . Arrested on December 19, 1905, placed in the Arbat police station, and then, after staging the arson, in Butyrka prison hospital. On February 18, 1906, he fled from her (disguised as a judicial investigator) and fled abroad.

In exile

Until 1917 he lived mainly in Paris . Participated in the work of Russian foreign anarchist groups, collaborated in the anarchist press (gas. "Petrel", "Leaflets" Bread and Freedom "", etc.). In September 1906, he was a participant in the congress of Russian anarchist communists in London , made a report "On Terror." In August-September 1907 he was a member of the delegation of anarchists of Russia at the International Anarchist Congress in Amsterdam . In the bureau of the forum he presented the report “Preachers of individualistic anarchism in Russia” .

In 1912 - 1913 - editor of the magazine of the Paris anarchist-communists "Hammer" (only 2 issues were published) ^[1] .

Participation in Freemasonry

In the early 1910s, he actively participated in the life of the lodges of the Great East of France ^[2] . In 1915 he was the secretary of the boxes for the Paris region.

After the Revolution

After the February Revolution, he returned to Russia, gave lectures and reports in various cities of the country. He was the personal secretary of the Minister of Food of the Provisional Government A.V. Peshekhonov . Edited the anarchist newspaper "Voice of Labor".

In 1918, he sided with the Bolsheviks, joined the CPSU (b) . He worked as secretary of the Izvestia All-Russian Central Executive Committee ( 1919-1920 ). In 1919, as an employee of the foreign department of GROWTH, he carried out Lenin's secret orders abroad.

In 1921, V. I. Zabrezhnev was appointed deputy head of the press and information department of the People’s Parliament . In September 1922 he was hired by the Criminal Investigation Department of the Republic and appointed to the post of assistant to the head of the scientific and technical department of the OGPU . In June 1923, for health reasons, Zabrezhnev left work from the internal affairs bodies.

In 1926 - 1927 - with a secret mission in Urumqi ( China ).

He was appointed deputy director of the Hermitage . At this post, he was engaged in the sale of valuables from the collections of the Hermitage and others abroad (see Sale of paintings from the Hermitage collection ). Zabrezhnev's signature is under the acts of the transfer for sale of hundreds of paintings. ^[3]

In 1930 - 1932 - Deputy Director of the Institute of the Brain (created as a laboratory for studying the brain of V.I. Lenin with a view to its subsequent revitalization).

Since 1932 he worked as a censor of the foreign department of Lenoblgorlit. On August 3, 1938, he was expelled from the CPSU (B.) For the fight against the Lenin-Stalin party in 1917 and for communication with the enemy of the people of Karakhan . Arrested. March 9, 1939 he died in a hospital at the House of Pretrial Detention from weakening of cardiac activity.

• “On Terror,” in the book: “Russian Revolution and Anarchism. Papers read at the Congress of Communist Anarchists in October 1906 , London, 1907;
• “Preachers of Individualistic Anarchism in Russia (Report to the Amsterdam Congress of Communist Anarchists, August 24-31, 1907)” , “Petrel,” Paris, 1908, No. 10-11;
• "On individualistic anarchism . " London. 1912.
• “The First Years of My Party Work (1895-1899) ,” “Proletarian Revolution,” 1923, No. 10;
• "Butyrs of 1905 and the first successful escape from them . " “Hard Labor and Link”, 1925 , No. 4;
• “Behind the mass” , in the book: “December 1905 on Krasnaya Presnya” , 3rd ed., M., 1925.

• "Theory and practice of mental influence" , 1922.
• "Controversial Issues of Hypnology" , 1925.
• "The tasks of modern hypnology" , 1926.

• He translated from French the book “The Whip-German Empire and the Social Revolution” by M. A. Bakunin . Moscow. The voice of labor. 1920.

• An article in the encyclopedia Political Parties of Russia. The end of the XIX - the first third of the XX century. "