Mushroom umbrella white

Hat with a diameter of 6-12 cm, thick-fleshy, initially ovoid, elongated, opens up to flat-spread, with a large brown tubercle in the center. The surface is whitish or cream, matte, the center is brown and smooth, the rest of the surface is covered with thin scales remaining from the rupture of the skin. Edge with white flakey fibers.

The flesh of the cap is white, with a pleasant smell and slightly tart taste, does not change at the cut. In the leg - longitudinally fibrous.

Leg 6-12 cm high, 0.6-1.2 cm thick, cylindrical, hollow, with a slight tuberoid thickening at the base, sometimes curved. The surface of the legs is smooth, white, yellowish or brownish below the ring, slightly browned by touch.

The plates are frequent, with smooth edges, free, with a thin cartilaginous collarium, easily separated from the cap, there are plates. Their color is white, in old mushrooms from cream to brown.

The remains of the bedspread : the ring is white, wide, smooth, mobile; Volvo is missing.

Spore powder is white.

Microscopic signs

Spores 12-15 × 8-9 microns, ovoid, sometimes germinating, colorless, pseudo-amyloid , metachromatic , with one or more fluorescent drops.

The tram of the plates is correct.

Hyphae of scales are spindle-shaped or cylindrical, 40-50 × 12-15 microns, often bell-shaped at the ends.

Four-spore basidia , club-shaped, 35-40 × 12-15 microns.

Chaylocystids spindle-shaped, colorless, thin-walled, 50 × 10 microns.

Color chemical reactions

The reactions of the plates with α-naphthol and pulp with aniline and guaiacol are negative; the flesh with lactophenol turns brown, with phenolaniline gives a purple-pink color.

Varieties

• The main form of Macrolepiota excoriata var. excoriata or Macrolepiota excoriata f. excoriata - the center of the cap is bare, darker (to brown), the rest is finely scaly.
• Macrolepiota excoriata var. squarrosa ( R. Mre ) Wasser , 1978 - Hat with lagging scales. Known in North Africa, in oak stands.
• Macrolepiota excoriata f. barlae Babos , 1974 - a creamy brown hat with thin or large scales of various shapes, known in the parks and gardens of Hungary.

Soil saprotroph . It grows both on the edges of mixed and coniferous forests, along clearings and clearings, in plantations, and in meadows , pastures , and in the steppe . It grows singly or in groups, is common.

Distributed everywhere in Europe , in Asia - Turkey , Iran , Transcaucasia , Central Asia ( Kyrgyzstan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan ), Siberia ( Altai Territory , Buryatia , Krasnoyarsk Territory ), China , the Far East ( Khabarovsk Territory , Primorsky Territory ), Japan , in North America , South America ( Chile ), Australia and Africa ( Algeria , Morocco , Tunisia , Kenya , Congo , Nigeria , South Africa ) and the islands - Sri Lanka , Philippines , Cuba .

Season: June - October.

Edible:

• The motley fungus umbrella ( Macrolepiota procera ) is much larger.
• Conrad's umbrella mushroom ( Macrolepiota konradii ) with a whitish or brown skin that does not completely cover the hat and crack like a star.
• Thin mushroom umbrella ( Macrolepiota mastoidea ) and mastoid umbrella mushroom ( Macrolepiota mastoidea ) with thinner pulp of a hat, the tubercle on the hat is more pointed.

Poisonous:

• Poisonous Lepiota ( Lepiota helveola ) - a highly poisonous mushroom, usually much smaller (up to 6 cm). It is also distinguished by a gray-pink skin of a hat and a pinkish flesh.

Inexperienced mushroom pickers can confuse this umbrella with the deadly poisonous fly agaric smelly , which is found only in forests, has a free volva at the base of the stem (it can be in the soil) and a white smooth hat, often covered with membranous flakes.

Edible mushroom of excellent quality, used in the same way as the variegated mushroom . Can successfully complement meat dishes .

• Wasser S.P. Flora of mushrooms of Ukraine. Agaric mushrooms / otv. ed. I.A. Dudka. - K .: “Naukova Dumka”, 1980. - S. 301-303, 53.
• Vavrish P.O., Gorovoy L.F. Mushrooms in the forest and on the table. - K .: “Harvest”, 1993. - S. 113-114. - ISBN 5-337-00728-9 .
• All about mushrooms / comp. V. Buldakov. - Donetsk: PFC BAO, 2000. - S. 138. - ISBN 966-548-124-X .
• Mushrooms: Reference / Transl. with ital . F. Dwin. - M .: "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - S. 64. - ISBN 5-17-009961-4 .
• Udu J. Mushrooms. Encyclopedia = Le grand livre des Champignons / transl. with fr. - M .: Astrel, AST, 2003. - S. 113. - ISBN 5-271-05827-1 .

• Taxonomy at www.mycobank.org