Primorsk (until 1948 Koivisto , Fin. Koivisto , from koivu , birch, also in the past was called Birch , Birch , Björk from the Swedish. Björkö - birch island) - a city (since 1940 ) in Russia , in the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region .
| City | |
| Primorsk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Leningrad region |
| Municipal District | Vyborg |
| Urban settlement | Seaside |
| History and Geography | |
| First mention | 1268 |
| Former names | before 1323 - Berezovskoe until 1709 - Björke before 1920 - Birch, Björke, Koivisto until 1948 - Koivisto |
| City with | 1940 |
| Center height | 5 m |
| Timezone | UTC + 3 |
| Population | |
| Population | ↘ 5623 [1] people ( 2019 ) |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +7 81378 |
| Postcode | 188910 |
| OKATO Code | 41215508 |
| OKTMO Code | |
| primorsk.ru | |
The city is located on the shores of the Gulf of Finland , 75 km from St. Petersburg and 48 km from Vyborg [2] .
Population - 5682 (2018) [3] .
Content
History
The first mention of the Berezovskoye settlement in the annals dates back to 1268. Since the time of Yaroslav the Wise and his wife, the Swedish Princess Ingegerda, this territory has been influenced by both Sweden and the Novgorod Republic , and after 1478, the Principality of Moscow .
According to Orekhov’s peace of 1323, this territory went to Sweden, the name of the settlement since that time became Björkö ( Swede. Björkö ). This was not refuted by both the Tyavzinsky peace treaty of 1595 and the Stolbovsky peace treaty of 1617 [4] .
Russia
In 1719, Peter I annexed to Russia the lands conquered in the west, including Vyborg . Administratively, the new territories became part of the St. Petersburg province as the Vyborg province . Then, in 1719, a decree was issued on the establishment of a guard on the Big Birch Island. In 1721, the Northern War ended with the Nistadt Peace Treaty , according to which Sweden transferred this territory to Russia. In 1722, a pilotage service was organized here from Vyborg to the Birch Islands.
In 1744, after another Russian-Swedish war , the Vyborg province was created, to which the Vyborg province was assigned.
After the Russo-Swedish “Finnish” war in 1809 in the Friedrichsham Peace, Russia received from Sweden all of Finland, the Aland Islands and the eastern part of Ostrobothnia (Pohyanmaa) to the Torneo and Muonio rivers, into the “eternal” possession of the Russian Empire. The newly conquered region passed under the Friedrichsham Peace Treaty "into the property and sovereign possession of the Russian empire" as the Grand Duchy of Finland . In 1812, the Vyborg province became part of the Grand Duchy of Finland as part of the Russian Empire .
In 1905, Tsar Nicholas II with a large retinue visited Björko (Koivisto). From the diary of Nicholas II (1890-1906):
September 14th. Wednesday. At 2 o’clock they left Transund and went to Björk. We anchored between Kaivitsa and Ravitsa with our entire squad ...
September 16th. Friday. We got up early. At 10 o'clock he set sail for the destroyer “The Menacing One”, which weighed anchor and went to the sea. We flew to the island of Rondo and returned to the anchorage in an hour and 5 minutes.
September 17th. Saturday. We went ashore and visited a pickaxe in Koivisto, it was recently built, all of stone, instead of the old one, wooden. I also examined the sawmill.
On July 11 (24), 1905, the Björk Treaty was signed nearby by Nicholas II and William II .
With the beginning of the First World War, the Russian Ministry of Defense makes a decision on the construction of the Terioki (Zelenogorsk) - Koivisto (Primorsk) railway line.
Finland
Until 1918, Beryozovoye was part of the Vyborg province , then, according to the results of the Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920, the settlement left Russia and before the Moscow Peace Treaty of March 12, 1940 was part of Finland , and the settlement of Beryozovoye was then called Koivisto ( Fin. Koivisto ).
USSR
After the Winter War , according to the Moscow Peace Treaty , the city was annexed to the USSR and became part of the Karelian-Finnish SSR . During the Soviet-Finnish War (1941-1944), the city was occupied by Finnish troops from September 2, 1941 to June 18, 1944 [5] . The Moscow Armistice in 1944 and the Paris Peace Treaty between the USSR and Finland (1947) , according to which the border on the Karelian Isthmus returned to the border established by the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940, finally confirmed Primorsk's affiliation.
October 1, 1948 the city was renamed Primorsk .
According to 1990, the village of Krasny Ostrov was also in the administrative subordination of the Primorsky City Council [6] .
Population
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | 1938 | 1945 | 1949 | 1959 [7] | 1970 [8] | 1979 [9] |
| 2260 | ↘ 2257 | ↘ 698 | ↗ 2087 | ↗ 3897 | ↗ 5521 | ↗ 6258 |
| 1989 [10] | 1996 [11] | 1998 [11] | 2000 [11] | 2001 [11] | 2002 [12] | 2005 [11] |
| ↗ 6637 | ↘ 6500 | ↘ 6400 | ↘ 6258 | ↗ 6637 | ↘ 5332 | ↗ 5500 |
| 2006 [13] | 2007 [11] | 2008 [14] | 2009 [15] | 2010 [16] | 2011 [11] | 2012 [17] |
| ↘ 5400 | → 5400 | → 5400 | ↘ 5262 | ↗ 6119 | ↘ 6100 | ↘ 6009 |
| 2013 [18] | 2014 [19] | 2015 [20] | 2016 [21] | 2017 [22] | 2018 [23] | 2019 [1] |
| ↘ 5892 | ↘ 5782 | ↗ 5791 | → 5791 | ↘ 5739 | ↘ 5682 | ↘ 5623 |
As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 1057 place out of 1115 [24] cities of the Russian Federation [25] .
Port of Primorsk
Primorsk Commercial Sea Port is an oil loading port, the end point of the Baltic Pipeline System . The name of the port was assigned on December 12, 2000 [26] . It is the largest port for the transshipment of oil and oil products in the North-West region of Russia. Port cargo turnover: 2008 - 75.6 million tons; 2009 - 79.1 million tons [27]
Traffic
The city is connected with other cities by road, rail and sea. There is a railway connection in the direction of Finland Station : St. Petersburg - Zelenogorsk - Primorsk - Vyborg , direct bus service from the Parnas metro station in St. Petersburg.
Attractions
- Lutheran Church of St. Mary Magdalene (1900-1904, neo-Gothic with elements of Art Nouveau ). Architect Joseph Stenbeck .
- Museum of Local Lore.
- "Bank" ("Glass") - a concrete structure - a pier, on which the first Soviet atomic icebreaker "Lenin" was tested. It has a giant chain for mooring this icebreaker.
- The ruins of a Finnish field hospital and the cottage of a girlfriend of Mannerheim .
- In Primorsk, a city with a population of about 5 thousand people, there are 8 different religious communities: Orthodox, Lutheran, the community of peace, the church of the twelve apostles, etc.
- Monuments to heroes of the Great Patriotic War , mass graves, memorial war cemetery.
- Picturesque stone pier of Finnish construction.
- A number of sandy beaches with beautiful views.
- On the territory of the city there are a number of picturesque and somewhat curious in their luxury cottages of the “ new Russians ” built in the early 1990s (some of them are destroyed).
Photo Gallery
Wikimedia Commons has over 20 photos
- Views of Primorsk
City center
Church of the Parish of St. Mary Magdalene
Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia
Monument to Lebedev
Interesting fact.
The name Berkovets of the old Russian unit of measurement of mass equal to 10 pounds ≈ 164 kg goes back to Björkö [28] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Resident population by context of municipalities of the Leningrad Region as of January 1, 2019 . Date of appeal April 27, 2019.
- ↑ Administrative territorial division of the Leningrad region . - SPb. , 1997. - S. 19. - ISBN 5-86153-055-6 . Archived October 17, 2013.
- ↑ The population of the Leningrad Region in the context of municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . Rosstat . Date of treatment March 31, 2019.
- ↑ Primorsk . Encyclopedia "Culture of the Leningrad Region" . Date of treatment March 31, 2019.
- ↑ Website of the city of Primorsk (Leningrad Region), history, coat of arms, heraldry, fuel and energy complex, BTS, culture, offers . www.primorsk.ru. Date of treatment March 31, 2019.
- ↑ Administrative territorial division of the Leningrad region. - L .: Lenizdat , 1990. - S. 54. - ISBN 5-289-00612-5 .
- ↑ 1959 All-Union Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population . Archived on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 People's Encyclopedia “My City”. Primorsk (Leningrad region)
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more . Archived February 3, 2012.
- ↑ Administrative territorial division of the Leningrad Region: [reference.] / Under the general. ed. V.A. Skorobogatova, V.V. Pavlova; comp. V. G. Kozhevnikov. - SPb., 2007. - 281 p. . Date of treatment April 26, 2015. Archived April 26, 2015.
- ↑ Cities of the Leningrad Region (number of inhabitants - estimate as of January 1, 2008, thousand people) . Date of treatment July 6, 2016. Archived July 6, 2016.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Leningrad region . Date of treatment August 10, 2014. Archived on August 10, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ The population of the Leningrad Region in the context of municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . Date of treatment June 22, 2018.
- ↑ taking into account the cities of Crimea
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table "21. The population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019 ” (RAR archive (1,0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service .
- ↑ Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation
- ↑ The cargo turnover of the port of Primorsk (Leningrad region) in 2009 increased by 5% - up to 79.1 million tons . portnews.ru. Date of treatment March 30, 2019.
- ↑ Fasmer M. Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language / Ed. O. N. Trubacheva . - M .: Progress , 1986. - T. I. - S. 156. - 576 p.