Filippov, Tertiy Ivanovich

Born in the family of the pharmacist, landlord of the Rzhevsky free pharmacy, Ivan Filippov (d. 28.11.1829).

Tertiy Filippov in 1837-1843 studied at the Tver gymnasium . Then he was a high- school student at Moscow University and in 1848 he graduated from the 1st department of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University with the third in success with the title of candidate , ^{[1] [2]} .

From 1848 to 1856, Tertiy Filippov taught Russian literature at the 1st Moscow Gymnasium ; became close to the circle of Slavophiles . He took part in the publication of the Slavophile magazines Moskvityanin , Moscow Sbornik and Russian Conversation ; his articles were mainly devoted to the history of the Russian Church of the pre-Petrine period. His idea: Councils and patriarchate made the Church a living, effective spiritual force, providing a symphony of authority .

In 1856, a rather sharp turn came in the life of Filippov. A thorough knowledge of Greek , theological sciences and church law determined for Filippov the possibility of a new career. The chief procurator of the Holy Synod Alexander Tolstoy drew attention to him ^[3] . Upon his return, he was appointed official of special assignments at the Holy Synod , mainly for business dealing with the Eastern Orthodox churches and the transformations that took place in the spiritual and educational institutions of Russia. In April 1860, Filippov was appointed clerk of the "Committee on the Transformation of Theological Educational Institutions."

In 1864, the last change came in his career: he joined the State Audit Office , where he remained until the very end of his life; after fourteen years of service, in 1878 he took the place of the second person in the department. From the very moment Dmitri Solsky was appointed to the post of State Comptroller, Filippov has been steadily occupying the position of Comrade of the Comptroller for almost twelve years, and after Solsky smashed an apoplexy blow in 1889, took the place of the Comptroller. Filippov’s appointment, however, was not at all simple, and happened after a dull but rather stubborn struggle in the ruling circles. For example, Konstantin Pobedonostsev was categorically against the appointment of Filippov ^[3] , and his failure was for many a testament to the sharp decline in the influence of the all-powerful Almighty Prosecutor of the Holy Synod.

Describing Tertius Filippov as minister, Sergei Witte wrote in his memoirs:

Tertiy Ivanovich was a churchman: he dealt with church questions and literary questions, but literary only of a certain shade, issues of a purely mystical direction. He was not a stupid person, but as a state controller and, in general, as a statesman, he was completely secondary . T. I. Filippov did not actually deal with those matters that he should have been engaged in, that is, control over all state, economic and economic functions. They transferred him to state control because he showed a Russian national direction in his activity ... Tertiy Ivanovich, of course, was much lower than Pobedonostsev in his talents, abilities and education; they did not love each other and diverged in everything ... T. I. Filippov treated KP P. Pobedonostsev rather angrily, and Pobedonostsev treated Filippov rather contemptuously ^[4] .

Despite the fact that Sergei Witte considered Filippov insufficiently competent in matters of control, under his leadership, the department from time to time prevented the abuse of various officials. The most famous was the case of the suspension at the end of 1894 from the post of Minister of Railways Apollo Krivoshein ^[3] . In addition, during the leadership of Tertiy Filippov, the scope of departmental powers of the State Audit Office gradually continued to grow. Under Tertia Filippov, the reporting on the execution of the state list was improved, and the “Regulation on the procedure for storage and destruction of reports verified by the State Audit Office” was published.

A collector of folk songs and an amateur singer, Tertiy Filippov created an excellent choir from his subordinates of the State Audit Office, performing mainly folk songs. The composer Alexander Olenin , who was present at the singing of officials in Filippov’s office, recalled that Filippov himself “sang a kind of song with an old, barely audible voice, but it was amazingly simple and soulful” ^[3] .

Using his high official position, Filippov often included in the state control staff distressed composers and other musicians. After his death, they talked about him more than once as a kind man, "more than a dozen Russian musicians benefited from the salary of an official."

Even before being appointed as Comptroller of the State, Filippov took an active part in the activities of the Russian Geographical Society , mainly in collecting Russian folk songs (“song tunes”). In 1884, on his initiative, a song commission was created (under his chairmanship) at the department of ethnography of the Russian Geographical Society.

For many years, Tertii Ivanovich was friends with Konstantin Leontiev , whom he highly esteemed and appreciated. He maintained correspondence with persons who occupied the Patriarchal throne of Constantinople in the second half of the 19th century ^[5] .

Tertiy Filippov died on November 30, 1899 and was buried in the Isidorov Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg. After the death of Filippov in November 1899, the Conservative General Pavel Lobko , who had taught the Tsarevich Nikolai Aleksandrovich the basics of military command, was appointed State Comptroller.

He was published in various publications of a conservative-nationalist orientation, in particular, in the “ Russian Bulletin ” of M. N. Katkov , in the “Citizen” of Prince. V. P. Meshchersky (editor-publisher since January 1873 - F. Dostoevsky ), was one of the founders of the journal "Russian Conversation".

Speaking Greek and having a reputation as an expert on the works of the Church Fathers , he was known as an authority on church issues and conflicts of his time, for example, on the Greek-Bulgarian question . In the latter, along with Konstantin Leontyev , he criticized the pro-Bulgarian position of the government; polemicized with Ivan Troitsky . He regretted in 1870 that the Holy Synod refused the proposal of the Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory VI to convene an ecumenical council to resolve the Bulgarian issue (on December 12, 1868, the Patriarch sent an extensive message outlining the circumstances of the feud and his proposals ^[6] to the princes of the autocephalous Churches) and urged the government to accept The 2nd Epistle of the Patriarch with the same sentence, noting that for the judgment of the Council there are a number of other issues requiring general church resolution, for example, the removal of oaths for the Old Believers Mos cathedrals of 1666 and 1667 (in which the Eastern hierarchs participated) ^[7] .

He dealt with the problems of " split ", speaking in defense of the Old Believers, for the complete abolition of all the restrictions that existed for them.

Collected Russian folk songs; decoded the “hook” musical notation of old songs, popularized song folklore among the educated classes of society. Having become a member of the Russian Geographical Society, Filippov created in 1884 with him a special song commission to equip expeditions with the goal of collecting folk songs. He encouraged officials of the State Audit Office who traveled to different places for revisions to collect folk songs. He formed from the subordinate officials a choir at the house church of the State Audit Office, performing church, folk and modern songs. Patronized the Russian folk orchestra of V.V. Andreev ^[8] .

Distinguished by eccentric behavior and quirks. For example, meeting with the Knights of the Order of St. George, as a greeting, kissed the order on their chest (or neck), plunging the gentlemen into embarrassment ^[8] .

Some publications

• "Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory VI and the Greek-Bulgarian strife" ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education". 1870, No. 2 and 3);
• “The solution of the Greek-Bulgarian question” (Russian Bulletin. 1870, No. 6);
• “The Definition of the Council of Constantinople on the Question of the Bulgarian Exarchate” (Citizen, 1872, No. 23–28);
• “Remembering the Count by A. P. Tolstoy” (“Citizen”, 1874, No. 4);
• “ Modern Church Issues ” (St. Petersburg, 1882, part 2);
• " Notes on public schools " (St. Petersburg, 1882);
• “A brief legend about the life and deeds of Saints Cyril and Methodius , the Enlightenment of the Slavs” (St. Petersburg, 1885);
• “On the teaching of the Church Slavonic language in secondary schools” (St. Petersburg, 1887);
• On the beginnings of Russian education . - St. Petersburg, 1890.
• "Collection of T. Filippov" (St. Petersburg, 1896);
• “Three remarkable Old Believers: [Hieromonk Pafnutiy, Pavel Prussky , Hilarion Egorovich Xenos]” (St. Petersburg, 1899).
• Filippov T. I. Russian education / Comp., Foreword. and comment. S.V. Lebedeva. / Ans. ed. O. Platonov. - M .: Institute of Russian Civilization, 2008. - 448 p.

• Almanac of modern Russian statesmen . - SPb. : Type of. Isidore Goldberg, 1897. - S. 109-112.
• Vasiliev A.V. In memory of Tertius Filippov . - St. Petersburg, 1901.
• Faresov A.I. Tertiy Ivanovich Filippov . - St. Petersburg: type. A.S. Suvorin, 1900 .-- 24 p. : Portr .; 25.
• Faresov A.I. In memory of T.I. Filippov (With a portrait). // Historical Bulletin . - 1900. - T. 79. - S. 670.
• Filippov T. I. Russian education. - Moscow: Institute of Russian Civilization, 2008.
• Alekseeva S. I. The Holy Synod in the system of higher and central state institutions of the post-reform Russia of 1856–1904 St. Petersburg: Science, 2003; 2nd ed., Stereotype. St. Petersburg: 2006. S. 102–106, 110, 113, 115, 123, 177, 178, 185, 200, 236, 258.
• Alekseeva S. I. K. P. Pobedonostsev in the assessment of T. I. Filippov // Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev: thinker, scientist, person: Materials of the International anniversary scientific conference dedicated to the 180th anniversary of the birth and the 100th anniversary of the death of K P. Pobedonostseva (St. Petersburg, June 1-3, 2007). - SPb., 2007. - S. 120–126.
• Alekseeva S. I. Materials on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in the archival heritage of T. I. Filippov // Bulletin of the Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University. Ser. II. Story. History of the Russian Orthodox Church. - 2007. - No. 2 (23). - S. 7–31.
• Alekseeva S. I. “Rzhevsky tradesman in the nobility”: the history of the family of Tertiy Ivanovich Filippov (according to domestic archives) // Bulletin of the Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University. Ser. II. Story. History of the Russian Orthodox Church. - 2008. - No. 2 (27). - S. 7–27.
• Alekseeva S.I. Tertiy Ivanovich Filippov in his young years: Materials for a biography // Bulletin of the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation. - 2010. - No. 1. - S. 32–41.
• Alekseeva S. I. T. I. Filippov and S. Yu. Witte: on the question of the circumstances of the implementation of the reform course S. Yu. Witte // History of Russia: economics, politics, people. On the occasion of the 80th birthday of Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B.V. Ananyich. - SPb., 2011. - S. 13–19. (Proceedings of the Faculty of History of St. Petersburg State University. T. 5).
• Alekseeva S. I. "In the long art of my motives, I decide to speak my own language." (On the question of the establishment of the worldview of T. I. Filippov) // Russia and the world at the end of the XIX - first half of the twentieth century. Collection to the 85th anniversary of Boris Vasilyevich Ananich. - SPb .: LLC "Information and Publishing Firm-Journal" Faces of Russia ", 2017. - S. 606-616.
• Alekseeva S.I.T.I. Filippov - official of special assignments at the Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod // Collections of the Presidential Library. Ser. "Electronic archive". Vol. 1. The Holy Synod in the history of Russian statehood: A collection of materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation. St. Petersburg: Presidential Library, 2017. S. 115–130.

• Alekseeva S. I. K. P. Pobedonostsev in the assessment of T. I. Filippov // Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev: thinker, scientist, person: Materials of the International anniversary scientific conference dedicated to the 180th anniversary of the birth and the 100th anniversary of the death of K P. Pobedonostseva (St. Petersburg, June 1-3, 2007). - SPb., 2007. - S. 120–126.
• Alekseeva S. I. T. I. Filippov and S. Yu. Witte: on the question of the circumstances of the implementation of the reform course S. Yu. Witte // History of Russia: economics, politics, people. On the occasion of the 80th birthday of Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B.V. Ananyich. Proceedings of the Faculty of History of St. Petersburg State University. - 2011. - V. 5. - S. 13–19.

• Filippov Tertiy Ivanovich (1825-1899)
• “We help brother from brother ...” From the unpublished correspondence of K. N. Leontyev and T. I. Filippov