Barbut ( born Barbute Italian. Barbotto ) is an Italian infantry helmet of the 15th century, largely covering his face at the expense of developed devotees. The Y-neckline of some 15th-century barbutes replicates the ancient hoplite helmets ( Corinphian barbute ). There are two explanations for this name, literally meaning "bearded" ( Italian: Barba - beard): a helmet with a beard, that is, with protrusions covering the cheeks, and a helmet with a wearer's beard sticking out. Some barbutes were supplied with barmitsa ( barbute a camalia ), the bulk - not ( barbute sin camalia ). Barbutes were forged in various shapes - from completely opening the face to completely covering it. In Italy, the XV-XVI century, the word "barbut" was also used to denote the number of armored men in the unit (for example, "unit of 1000 barbut"). This helmet also had other names (depending on the region): for example, in Germany they were called "Italian salads" or "Italian bascinets."
At present, the barbut is classified as an open type of helmet, because, despite the full protection of the head, it has an uncovered neckline in the front part (with the exception of some samples of barbutes with visors, the first of which appeared at the beginning of the 15th century). Very often, due to the similarity of the shape, the barbut is confused with the bascinet , especially in those rare cases when the barbut is supplemented with a barmitza, buviger or visor. However, it has a distinctive feature - its sides, “cheek pieces”, protect the cheeks and ears. A notch in the shape of the letter T or Y is made on the front side of the helmet. In helmets with a Y-shaped neckline, a pronounced, short, short scavenger is found, which disappears after 1450. Thanks to the cutaway, the warrior’s vision and breathing are not difficult, and the head remains protected. The dome of a barbut is usually spherical or spherical. The back part is somewhat elongated and covers the back of the head, leaning slightly on the shoulders, and in later samples the back plate also bent backward, resembling salades, only shorter and more sloping. There were also completely open barbutes - without cheek plates, which also made them look like bascinets or salads.
Despite the presence of a barbut in some Milanese armor in museum displays, he was a purely infantry helmet. In the book of Fred and Liliana Funkten there is an image of a barbute with a visor such as a “passerine beak”, but there is no other evidence of the use of barbute in the cavalry.
Barbut was popular until around the end of the 15th century, when it was supplanted by salads .
See also
- Topfhelm
- " Toad's head "
- Bascinet
- Hundsgugel
- Chaplain
- Salad
- Cabasset
- Morion
- Bicket
- Armet
- Bourguignot
Literature
- Beheim Wendalen . Encyclopedia of weapons / Per. with him. A. A. Devell et al. Ed. A. N. Kirpichnikova . - St. Petersburg: Orchestra, 1995 .-- 576 p.: Ill. - ISBN 5-87685-029-X .
- Winkler P.P. von Encyclopedia of weapons from ancient times to the beginning of the XIX century. - St. Petersburg: Leningrad Publishing House, 2009 .-- 432 p.: Ill. - ISBN 978-5-9942-0420-7 .
- Efimov S.V., Rymsha S.S. Weapon of Western Europe XV-XVII centuries. - Volume 1. Armor, blade weapons, weapons on the poles. - SPb .: Atlant, 2009 .-- 400 p .: ill. - Series "Armory Academy". - ISBN 978-5-98655-022-0 .
- Oakeshott Ewart . Knight and his armor. Plate vestments and weapons / Per. from English A.N. Anvaer. - M.: Centerpolygraph CJSC, 2007. - 192 p .: ill. - ISBN 978-5-9524-2636-8 .
- Funkens F., Funkens L. The Middle Ages. VIII — XV centuries: Armor and weapons / Per. with french N.P. Sokolova. - M .: LLC "AST"; Astrel, 2004. - 148, [2] p.: Ill. - Series "Encyclopedia of weapons and military costume." - ISBN 978-5-17-014496-9 .
- Christopher Gravett (Author) & Angus McBride (Illustrator). Knights at Tournament. - Osprey Publishing, 2000 .-- 64 p. - ISBN 1-85532-937-9 .