Arabesque (ornament)

ARABESCIAN.
Wilde Stämme uncultured tribes. - (Römisch) Roman. - (Aegyptisch) Egyptian. - (Assyrisch) Assyrian. - (Pompejanisch) Pompeian. - (Griechisch) Greek. - (Byzantinisch) Byzantine. - (Persisch) Persian. - (Maurisch) Moorish. - (Arabisch) Arab. - (Türkisch) Turkish. - (Romanisch) Romanesque. - (Japanesisch u. Chinesish) Japanese and Chinese. - (Gotisch) Gothic. - (Renaissance) Age of Renaissance. - (Deutsche R.) German Renaissance. - (Italienische R.) Italian Renaissance. - (Barock) Baroque style. - (Roceco) Rococo's style.

Arabesque ( Italian: arabesco - Arabic) is the European name for a complex oriental medieval ornament , consisting of geometric and floral elements. The arabesque may include calligraphic elements in arabica . Arabesques were especially widespread in the Renaissance, and later they began to call arabesques a fanciful ornament made only of plant forms - intricately interlaced stylized stems , leaves , flowers and other vegetative and generative parts of plants.

The arabesque is based on the repetition and multiplication of one or more fragments of the pattern. The endless movement of patterns in a given rhythm can be stopped or continued at any point without violating the integrity of the pattern. Such an ornament virtually eliminates the background, since one pattern fits into another, covering the surface (Europeans called it “fear of emptiness”). The arabesque can be placed on the surface of any configuration, flat or convex. There is no fundamental difference between the compositions on the wall or on the carpet, on the binding of the manuscript or on ceramics.

In the art criticism of many European countries, the term arabesque also has a narrower meaning: an ornament only from stylized plant motifs (in contrast to the so-called sea - an ornament from geometric motifs). ^[one]