Thermal conditions of the building

The thermal regime of a building is a combination of all factors and processes that determine the situation in its premises.

The premises of the building are isolated from the external environment by enclosing structures, which allows you to create a certain microclimate in them. External fencing protects the premises from direct atmospheric influences, and special air conditioning systems support certain specified parameters of the internal environment. The totality of all engineering tools and devices that provide the specified microclimate conditions in the building's premises (building envelopes, sun protection devices, other structural and planning means, as well as heating and cooling systems, ventilation, air conditioning), is called the microclimate conditioning system .

Under the influence of the difference between the external and internal temperatures , solar radiation and wind, the room loses heat through the fencing in the winter and heats up in the summer, gravitational forces, the action of the wind and ventilation create pressure drops that lead to the flow of air between the communicating rooms and to its filtration through the pores of the material and the leakage of the fencing . Atmospheric precipitation, moisture in the rooms, the difference in humidity between indoor and outdoor air leads to moisture exchange through fences, under the influence of which it is possible to wet the materials and worsen the protective properties and durability of the exterior walls and coatings.

The processes that form the thermal environment of the room must be considered inextricably linked, for their mutual influence can be very significant. For example, air filtration and humidification of structures can increase the heat loss of a room by several times in winter. At the same time, the creation of a favorable air environment in the room requires the organization of its air exchange and moisture exchange with the external environment.

Calculation of heat loss of the building.

The heat loss of a building is directly proportional to the most important heat and energy indicator - specific heating characteristic q, i.e.

q = k / R, W / m3 × C °,

here R is the integral thermal resistance of the fences,

C ° × m2 / W, and k is the compactness factor of the building;

k = F / V; [1m],

where F is the total area of ​​the external walling, m2; V is the volume of the building, m3.

Thus, the larger the area of ​​walling, walls, the more significant losses. From this formula it also follows that reducing buildings to sizes less than 2.5-3 thousand cubic meters is inefficient ^[1] .

Modeling the thermal regime of an entire building to study optimal control algorithms in order to obtain maximum energy savings when heating an entire building is an urgent problem.

Optimal control of the thermal regime of residential and office buildings in order to obtain maximum energy savings can be carried out by calculation when modeling the thermal regime of the whole building, and the results must be compared with experiment to confirm the results.