Dendrobium bigibbum ( two-humped dendrobium , or phalaenopsis dendrobium , or moth dendrobium [2] ) is a species of perennial herbaceous plants of the Orchidaceae family .
| Dendrobium bigibbum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. , 1852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms
According to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew [3] :
- Callista bigibba ( Lindl. ) Kuntze , 1891
- Vappodes bigibba ( Lindl. ) MAClem. & DLJones , 2002
- Dendrobium sumneri F. Muell . , 1868
- Dendrobium phalaenopsis Fitzg ., 1880
- Dendrobium bigibbum var. phalaenopsis ( Fitzg. ) FMBailey , 1883
- Callista phalaenopsis ( Fitzg. ) Kuntze , 1891
- Callista sumneri ( F. Muell . ) Kuntze , 1891
- Dendrobium lithocola DLJones & MAClem. 1989
- Vappodes lithocola ( DLJones & MAClem. ) MAClem. & DLJones , 2002
- Vappodes phalaenopsis ( Fitzg. ) MAClem. & DLJones , 2002
Distribution, Ecology
Australia , New Guinea , Timor Island , Singapore , Indonesia, and the Moluccas .
It occurs at altitudes from 0 to 400 meters above sea level. Epiphytes and lithophytes in habitats with moderate light intensity [4] .
Dendrobium bigibbum refers to proto- or hemi-epiphytes. Fleshy tuberidia serve as original reservoirs for the accumulation of plastic substances and moisture. The Dendrobium bigibbum clone is an asympodial system of perennial vegetative shoots that are annually formed from axillary buds located in the lower part of the shoot of the previous year of vegetation .
Botanical Description
Large sympodial semi-deciduous, polymorphic plant.
Tuberidia are fusiform, noticeably thickened in the middle part, slightly tilted, up to 150 cm high, up to 2.5 cm in diameter [4] . The upper part of the tuberidium carries alternately arranged leaves, the lower part is covered with their vaginas .
The leaves are broad-lanceolate, leathery, up to 5 cm long, up to 2 cm wide; leaf life of 3-4 years.
Paniculate inflorescence , multi-flowered, formed from the upper axillary buds of tuberidium, up to 40 cm long [5] .
The flowers may be white, bluish or pinkish. It blooms from January to July [4] .
The fruit is a glossy obovate, tri-ribbed capsule , up to 3.5 cm long, 1.8 cm in diameter. The fruit weighs 4-5 g. The seed ripening period is 170-180 days. One box contains about 500,000 seeds [5] .
Systematics
In recent decades, the issue of taxonomic affiliation and status of the species has been debated. Some authors consider it as three independent species: Dendrobium bigibbum , Dendrobium phalaenopsis , Dendrobium lithocola . Or a complex of species (Dendrobium Bigibbum complex). In the most significant publications, Dendrobium bigibbum is described as one species having several forms [6] .
In Culture
The temperature group is warm.
The artificially created daily temperature difference of 8-10 ° C contributes to the initiation of generative kidneys.
As a substrate, a mixture of forest litter of deciduous trees and pieces of pine bark is used (1: 1). Planting is made in plastic or clay pots of small size.
Mass flowering of seedlings and plants obtained as a result of mericlonal reproduction occurs on the 5th year of cultivation [5] .
Although taxonomists currently view Dendrobium phalaenopsis as a synonym for Dendrobium bigibbum , some authors believe that the cultural guidelines for Dendrobium phalaenopsis and Dendrobium bigibbum are different. Problems with flowering plants may be due to differences in temperature requirements among representatives of different geographical populations .
Dendrobium phalaenopsis . Light: 3000-4500 FC . Temperatures: average summer daytime 29-30 ° C, nighttime 22 ° C. Relative humidity is 65–75%. Regular watering during the period of active vegetation. After flowering, watering is reduced. During dormancy, the average daytime temperature is 24–26 ° C, and the nighttime temperature is 17–19 ° C. The substrate should completely dry between waterings.
Dendrobium bigibbum . Light: 3000-4000 FC . Temperatures: average daytime throughout the year 28–32 ° C, nightly 23–26 ° C. Relative humidity 70–80%. Regular watering during the period of active vegetation. After flowering, watering is gradually reduced. During the dormant period, plants are rarely watered [7] .
Well-established agricultural technology for growing hybrids based on Dendrobium bigibbum allows you to get flowering plants in a relatively short time. For example, in Taiwanese farms growing plants for cutting, the cycle from extracting their bulb to flowering takes 8–9 months [8] .
Diseases and Pests
Culture and Art
The Queensland administration, in preparation for the Centennial Celebration, organized a vote to choose a floral logo. They were looking for a plant that grew only in the state, was easily cultivated and was close in color to its official color - maroon . In addition to Dendrobium phalaenopsis , three more plants claimed this title - Schefflera actinophylla , Stenocarpus sinuatus and Grevillea banksii .
The Brisbane newspaper Courier Mail conducted a survey among its readers, as a result of which 13 plants were selected, with Dendrobium phalaenopsis in first place, Grevillea banksii in second, and Euphorbia pulcherrima in the third [9] . On November 19, 1959, Dendrobium Phalaenopsis was chosen as the official emblem of the State of Queensland [10] .
See also
- List of Australia Flower Emblems
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ In various sources, Dendrobium bigibbum is found under three Russian names. This is primarily due to the conflicting views of taxonomists on the taxonomic status of this extremely polymorphic plant.
- ↑ World Checklist of Aerides. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (English) (Retrieved August 5, 2009)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Jones, DL 2006, Native orchids of Australia including the Island Territories, Reed New Holland, Sydney.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Cherevchenko T. M. Tropical and subtropical orchids - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1993
- ↑ Lavarack PS Dendrobium and its relatives. 2000, Timber Press (Portland, Or)
- ↑ Charles and Margaret Baker. Dendrobium Species Culture.
- ↑ Zhukova M. Polyploidy of orchids
- ↑ Boden, Anne Cooktown Orchid (Dendrobium phalaenopsis) - Floral Emblem of Queensland . Floral Emblems of Australia . Australian National Botanic Gardens. Originally published by AGPS (1995). Date of treatment September 8, 2006. Archived March 29, 2012.
- ↑ Badge, Arms, Floral and Other Emblems of Queensland Act 1959: 2 Floral emblem (PDF) 5. Office of Queensland Parliamentary Counsel (Reprinted 1997-12-10.). Date of treatment September 11, 2006. Archived March 29, 2012. Not an authorized copy.
Links
- Dendrobium bigibbum (English) : information on the GRIN website. (Retrieved September 3, 2009)