Dirk Hartog Island is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Western Australia . Included in the World Heritage Site - Shark Bay .
| Derk hartog | |
|---|---|
| English Dirk hartog island | |
 | |
| Specifications | |
| Square | 624.8 km² |
| Highest point | 185 m |
| Population | |
| Location | |
| Water area | Indian Ocean |
| A country |
|
| Region | Western Australia |
Geography
Derk Hartog is an island located off the coast of the Gascoyne region in the Western Australia, being the largest and most western island of this state. To the southeast of it is Cape Stipe Point , Australia's westernmost continental point. Continental Australia is just 2 km away; Perth , the capital of Western Australia, is about 850 km away. Derk-Hartog is separated by the Naturalist Channel from Dorr Island and Den Bay from the Peron Peninsula. The area of the island is 624.8 km². The coastline is 192.9 km long. [2] The length of Derk-Hartog is about 80 km, the width varies from 3 to 15 km.
The landscape of the island is mainly represented by sand dunes covered with undersized shrubs. In the past, a sheep farm was located on Derk-Hartog, in which there were about 20 thousand sheep, but currently the population of these animals on the island has declined sharply.
A large number of sea turtles nest on Derk-Hartog. The endemic subspecies of painted malur ( lat. Malurus leucopterus ) lives.
History
The island was discovered on October 25, 1616 by the Dutch traveler Derk Hartog , whose ship went astray while sailing from Cape Town to Batavia ( Jakarta ). The sailor named the island "Eendrachtsland" , leaving on it a tin plate with his name and opening date. [3]
In 1697, the Dutch traveler Willem Flaming visited the island. Having found Hartog’s plate, which had already badly deteriorated by this time, he decided to replace it with a new one (but with the original inscription) and take it to Amsterdam for display at the State Museum . This plate has become the oldest European artifact in Australian history.
In 1699, an English explorer and pirate William Dampier landed on Derk-Hartog, who collected a collection of species of local flora on the island, and also drawings were made with images of birds, fish and other representatives of the fauna. [four]
In March 1772, the French captain Francois-Marie Alense de Saint-Aluarne ( French: François Alense de St Allouarn ), landed on Derk-Hartog, declared the island the property of the French king. As evidence of the French staying on it, a bottle of paper was buried in the ground, which spoke of the annexation , and two French coins were placed next to it. A bottle (albeit without annexation paper) and one of the coins were found only in 1998. [5] [6]
In 1801, travelers again visited the island, but this time a French expedition led by captain Emmanuel Ameline . The navigator also discovered a tin plate, but decided to leave it on the island. However, already in 1818, another French traveler, Louis Freisine , took her to France, giving it to the French Academy in Paris (it was subsequently lost and found only in 1940 ; in 1947 the plate was returned to Australia [7] ).
In 1869, the right to lease the island was granted to Francois Louis von Bibra ( French Francis Louis von Bibra ), who organized a sheep farm on Dirk-Hartog, and also engaged in the sale of guano . [8] In addition, a pearl catch was soon organized near the island. In 1908, the construction of the lighthouse began at Derk-Hartog, at Cape of Inscription, which was completed in 1910 .
From 1969 to the present, Derk-Hartog has been rented by the Wardle family .
On March 16, 2008, about 240 km west of the island, the wreckage of the German auxiliary cruiser “Cormoran” was found . [9]
Notes
- ↑ http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC50412
- ↑ Islands of Australia . UN SYSTEM-WIDE EARTHWATCH Web Site. Date of treatment April 4, 2009. Archived March 29, 2012.
- ↑ Favenc, Ernest Introduction - Part I . The History of Australian Exploration from 1788 to 1888 . Project Gutenberg of Australia (1888). Date of treatment April 4, 2009. Archived March 29, 2012.
- ↑ William Dampier (inaccessible link) . ABC. Date of treatment April 4, 2009. Archived March 29, 2012.
- ↑ FRANCE AND AUSTRALIA. THE "PRISE DE POSSESSION" by Myra Stanbury (inaccessible link) . Western Australian Maritime Museum. Date of treatment April 4, 2009. Archived on August 19, 2006.
- ↑ French explorers: Saint Alouarn by Myra Stanbury (inaccessible link) . Western Australian Maritime Museum. Date of treatment April 4, 2009. Archived August 27, 2006.
- ↑ Where are the plates now? (English) (inaccessible link) . Western Australian Maritime Museum. Date of treatment April 4, 2009. Archived October 13, 2009.
- ↑ Nyman, Lois. The von Bibra story. - Launceston, Tasmania: Foot & Playsted, 1996. - P. 64–66. - ISBN 9780959718812 .
- ↑ Australian Associated Press . HMAS Sydney hunt digs up the Kormoran , The West Australian (March 16, 2008). Archived March 22, 2008. Date of treatment April 4, 2009.
Bibliography
- Davis, JK , 1938, Dirk Hartog's pewter dish. Walkabout, 1 October: 33 ff.
- Drake-Brockman, H. , 1966, Dirk Hartog anniversary. Early Days (Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society, Inc.) 6.pt 5: 23-28.
- Gibbs, M. , 1996, Dirk Hartog's post. A report on the site of the 1616 monument site at Cape Inscription, Dirk Hartog Island. Report — Department of Maritime Archeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, No. 29 (Draft).
- Halls, C. , 1964, Two plates. Being an account of the Dirk Hartog and Vlamingh plates their loss and subsequent recovery. Westerly, March: 33-40.
- Harrison, R. , 1998, Report on archaeological excavations at Turtle Bay, Dirk Hartog Island. Evidence for early French explorers and other historic European sites. Center for Archeology, University of Western Australia. Unpublished report prepared for the WA Maritime Museum, May 1998.
- McCarthy, M. , 1988, Notch Point East and Notch Point West camps. Dirk Hartog Island Wreck Inspection Day Book, Department of Maritime Archeology, Western Australian Museum: 30-35.
- Palassis Architects , 1996, Conservation and Management Plan: Cape Inscription Lightkeepers quarters Dirk Hartog Island Shark Bay, Western Australia. Unpublished report for the National Trust of Australia (WA).
- Souter, C. , 2000, Archeology on Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia: Maritime meets historical. Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archeology, 24: 37-40.
- Souter, C. , 2000, Archeology on Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia: Maritime meets historical. Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archeology, 24: 37-40.
- Zekulich, M. , 2004, Park status looms for Dirk Hartog. The West Australian, 6 December, p. 33.
- Western Australian Museum , Department of Maritime Archeology, Dirk Hartog Island Expedition, 1998, Field Day Books.
Links
- Official site of the island (English)
- A site dedicated to archaeological excavations on the island and local attractions. (eng.)
- Map of the island (inaccessible link) . Archived December 6, 2012.