Landless peasants

Landless peasants are the term of the legislation of the Russian Empire, meaning, on the one hand, those peasants who, prior to their liberation from serfdom, neither themselves nor through their families participated in the use of land and prior to the approval of their charter, declared to the world mediator their desire to quit worldly societies , why did not receive land under acts of land system; on the other hand, those who were assigned allotments of secular land according to the charter, and then according to redemption documents, despite the fact that during the drawing up of the charter letters, neither these peasants nor their relatives belonging to the same family ground. Landless peasants who did not want to exercise their right to allot land, after they were dismissed from secular society, had to be attributed to the order established for that within six months from the day they received the dismissal certificate. At the same time, the following privileges were presented to them:

1. they could be attributed without the consent of society to all cities (excluding capitals and privileged cities) on the basis of the rules established for people who are on the so-called working salary, that is, imposing a philistine salary with personal responsibility in good payment; as well as to the societies of state peasants, without asking for the consent of these societies, if they had excess land, and, finally, wishing to remain ascribed to their former volost, they were not obliged to ask for the consent of the volost gathering and landowner;
2. they were exempted from official taxes and zemstvo duties for two years from the time of registration, and from recruitment for three years. If the aforementioned peasants submit a request for registration to the subject state treasury before the expiration of six months from the date of receipt of the dismissal certificate, then they considered the two-year benefit from state taxes and zemstvo duties from the time they were registered, starting from the next half year after registration. In the event that a landless peasant misses the six-month period established for submitting requests from the home registry, then the two-year exemption from official taxes and zemstvo duties was considered to him not from the time of the actual home registry, but starting from the next six-month period, i.e., if the six-month period ended in the first half of the year, then from July 1 of that year, and if in the second half, from January 1. next year. Those of the above-mentioned landless peasants who, having received dismissal certificates, before August 1, 1871 were not assigned to any society or parish of their choice in compliance with the rules established for this, are then assigned to that volost, which includes the rural community from which they are fired.

The privileges granted to landless peasants are enjoyed by those of the peasants of Little Russian provinces ( Chernihiv , Poltava and part of Kharkov) who, having received plots of land without any manor buildings by charter, refused the allotment.

Landless peasants who received plots as part of allotments of rural societies by charter, and then by redemption documents, despite the fact that neither they nor their relatives belonging to the same family used their land during the drawing up of charter letters, have the right to refuse from land allotments and leave the society of peasant owners without a contribution for any allotments of any payments with the obligation, however, to obey the general conditions of dismissal from society . The governing Senate explained that the foregoing right is due to the lack of not nominal use of land, but actual, that is, the extraction of benefits from the land by means of conducting peasant farming with cultivating the land or in another way. Allowing such exits from society with the rejection of the allotment was provided to the local provincial peasant affairs presences without an idea to the Minister of Finance. Allotments of landless peasants dismissed in this way are provided with an obligation to pay the rewards due to allotments of redemption payments, first of all to the companies that include the dismissed peasants, and if the latter do not want to, to the societies adjacent to them. If both of them refuse to accept these allotments, the subsequent redemption payments are compiled from the underlying company, while allotments of dismissed peasants are sold at public auction in the special manner specified in the Regulation on redemption (Articles 135-138).

The allotments of the dismissed peasants may also be left to the owner of the lands left behind the allotment of the peasants of the society to which the landless dismissed peasants belong, if the owner declares this his desire to the tendering institution no later than three days before the opening of tenders with a presentation at the same time the same institution or local treasury of the amount equal to the redemption loan due on these allotments. In case of acquisition by auction of the indicated plots by persons who are outsiders for the company among whose land these plots are located, regarding their allocation to one place as much as possible, at the discretion of the said company itself, the general rules that are established for the lump-sum redemption by individual peasants located in use by apportionment of allotment society.