Marat Alekandrovich Cheshkov ( September 15, 1932 , Moscow - May 5, 2016 , ibid.) - Soviet and Russian historian and political scientist, an expert on the history of Vietnam , the general problems of developing countries, world-system analysis .
| Marat A. Cheshkov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | September 15, 1932 |
| Place of Birth | Moscow |
| Date of death | May 5, 2016 (83 years) |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| A country |  USSR →  Russia |
| Scientific field | history , oriental studies |
| Place of work | IMEMO |
| Alma mater | Istfak MSU |
| Academic degree | Candidate of Economic Sciences , Doctor of Historical Sciences |
He was married to an orientalist Engelsine Cheshkova , who as a child received great fame after meeting on January 27, 1936 with Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) Joseph Stalin , which was captured in photographs widely used in Soviet propaganda as a symbol of gratitude " for a happy childhood " [1 ] [2] .
Content
Education
He graduated with honors from the Faculty of History of Moscow State University (1955), and studied there in graduate school at the Faculty of Economics . In 1956 - September 1957, an employee of the Institute of the Peoples of Asia (INA) of the USSR AS. Candidate of Economic Sciences (1965, dissertation "Some features of the birth and formation of the Vietnamese bourgeoisie"), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1985, dissertation "Formation of the ruling groups of developing countries: criticism of foreign concepts").
Dissident activity
In the mid-1950s - a member of the left dissident circle under the leadership of Lev Krasnopevtsev , organized by graduate students and graduates of the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. In the wall newspaper INA of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1957 published an article about the party-state nomenclature as the social basis of the moral degradation of society and part of the youth.
Arrested on September 12, 1957. On February 12, 1958, he was sentenced to 8 years of ITL (Article 58-10, 11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). The term served in the Mordovian ASSR ( Dubravlag , Potma). Released on mercy on October 23, 1963 . Rehabilitated in 1989 .
He recalled that for him “and in the summer of 1957, Marxism-Leninism remained unshakable and, I think, for most of the politically active youth as well. Therefore, the description of Krasnopevtsev atmosphere of the 1950s as a resistance ... to Bolshevism seems to me "modernized." When we discussed the “essay”, gathered in the village of Northerner near Moscow, then there were more points of view than participants. I thought that the beginning of the "fall" was the moment when the 10th Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 rejected the syndicalist ideas of workers' self-government . Nevertheless, I remained within the framework of the generally accepted understanding of Leninism, and the need for the leading role of the party was also obvious to me. I had these ideas for a long time (both in the camp and after it), until the end of the 60s, when tragic events occurred in Czechoslovakia . And the situation in our country has already suggested that some deep-seated mechanisms do not work. However, I did not intend to engage in politics, completely switching to science, which I don’t regret. ”
Scientific Activities
From December 1963 he worked as a proofreader in the Progress publishing house, since 1964 - as a bibliographer in the Fundamental Library of Social Sciences , since 1966 - at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences (junior, senior, leading researcher). Initially he dealt with the history of Vietnam, then with the general problems of developing countries, the study of elites, issues of world-systems analysis and globalistics.
Major Works
- Essays on the history of feudal Vietnam. (According to the materials of the Vietnamese chronicles of the XVIII – XIX centuries). M., Science. 1967. 251 p. 1500 copies
- Features of the formation of the Vietnamese bourgeoisie. M., Science. 1968. 184 p. 1200 copies
- Problems of the study of the elites of the "third world". Literature review. M., 1973. 238 p. (Chipboard)
- Criticism of ideas about the ruling groups of developing countries. M., Science. 1979. 243 p. 2350 copies.
- The developing world and post-totalitarian Russia: New configurations of the world space: In search of global and theoretical synthesis. M., Science-VL. 1994. 171 p. 800 copies.
- The global context of post-Soviet Russia: Essays on the theory and methodology of world integrity. M., 1999. 297 p. 1000 copies.
- Global studies: the search for the subject. M., 2002.
- Global studies as scientific knowledge. M., 2005.
Notes
Links
- People and destinies. The Bibliographical Dictionary of Orientalists — Victims of Political Terror in the Soviet Period (1917–1991) Ed. prepared by Ya. V. Vasilkov , M. Yu. Sorokin. St. Petersburg, 2003.
- "We were taken in the middle of the river ..."
- The KGB document on the "Krasnopevtsev case".