Communist movement

In 1956, on the initiative of a teacher-researcher I.P. Ivanov (later a professor at the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute named after A.I. Herzen and a full member of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences), a small youth initiative subcultural association of teachers "Union of Enthusiasts" ("SEN") was created in Leningrad . Initially, it was a circle of predominantly pioneer counselors ( L. G. Borisova and others), who were extremely dissatisfied with modern Russian pedagogy that dominated the educational system in the pioneer organization , “ Senevtsians "searched for materials about their predecessors where they could, seriously studied the experience of S. T. Shatsky , A. S. Makarenko , the experience of scouts, the" pioneer movement "of the 1920s, the ideas of A. P. Gaidar and the" Timurov movement ", met with the "scouts living ”in Poland ^[2] . The term "commune", in their opinion, should indicate an ideological and methodological commitment to the experience of the Makarenko commune.

Voluntary participation, collective planning, collective execution and collective assessment of what has been done, the alternation of creative assignments, the rotation of elected leaders (the institute of “duty commanders”, that is, the “duty commanders”), the institute of temporary “councils of affairs” under the highest authority of the “general assembly”, “frank conversations ”(“ lights ”- when everyone speaks frankly about everyone, including adult“ older friends ”),“ a network of traditions ”, including multi-day“ gatherings ”and summer tent camps for work and rest, other components of the method ki allowed to "revive" a lot of what was peculiar style and lifestyle clubs ST Shatsky, scout and pioneer detachments I. Zhukova, Timur commands.

The most important role in spreading the lifestyle of the communard team as close as possible to the source was played by the fact that the communard methodology was the basis for work in the All-Russian camp of the Komsomol Central Committee “Orlyonok” . In the summer of 1962, Komsomolskaya Pravda and the Central Committee of the Komsomol gathered 50 high school students from various cities in Orlyonka; several teenagers from the Commune of young Frunze people , as well as three “senior friends” of the KYuF, were invited to the detachment. The children went to their cities and there many of them managed to create teenage communities, which began to call themselves "sections" of the club of young communards. The sections conducted “collective creative affairs” and reproduced the style and lifestyle of the KYuF (to the extent that they could master them in 40 days spent in “Orlyonok”) ^[3] .

In 1963, in the "Eaglet" was the first All-Union Meeting of Young Communards. Since that time, the term “communal movement” appeared in the press.

After the Komsomolskaya Pravda employee S. L. Soloveichik studied the life of the KYUF and published the article “Frunzenskaya Kommuna”, on January 24, 1962 the newspaper announced the creation of the correspondence “Club of Young Communards” (“KYUK”) and called on Komsomol senior students, craftsmen and technical schools to create sections of this club from the primary Komsomol organizations - groups, classes. KUK in Komsomolskaya Pravda and communard shifts in Orlyonka gave rise to the first wave of the communard movement. It spread to almost the whole country (the largest centers of the communal movement were Moscow, Leningrad, Perm, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tula, Voronezh, Kharkov, Kiev, Donetsk, Odessa, Minsk. Petrozavodsk), brought up several generations of enthusiastic educators and covered during its heyday (mid-1960s) tens of thousands of schoolchildren and teenagers ^[4] .

In the autumn, winter, spring and summer holidays in different cities began to be held (sometimes even simultaneously in several cities at once) All-Union communal fees, which gathered at the same time 100, 200, 300 people from 10-20 sections of the club club in different cities of the country. Since the fall of 1963, the Komsomolskaya Pravda started publishing a thematic page for high school students Alye Parus, which was conceived as a printed organ of the Communards movement. “Sections” of the club of the UK began to be created by the editorial offices of youth newspapers, schools, the houses of culture, and the Palaces of Pioneers. Some of these "sections" were officially listed as city headquarters of Komsomol senior high school students (GKSH). Since December 1965, support for the communal movement by the Central Committee of the Komsomol was discontinued; it was announced that in this case the further fate of the communal associations would depend on their relationship with the Komsomol bodies “on the ground”. The movement was not officially banned, but since then in many cities the attitude towards sections of the UK club has become extremely unfavorable.

The development of methods for collective creative education since 1963 was continued by the creative team of students and teachers of the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute named after I.P. A.I. Herzen - Commune named after A.S. Makarenko (KIM, 1963-1991). An important event not only for the communal movement, but for the entire socio-pedagogical movement of the country was the January 1968 meeting of the club of the Sverdlovsk SK “Scarlet Sail”, at which a kind of scientific study was held with the participation of delegations from Moscow and Perm -practical conference on the problems of the communal movement. After the collapse of the USSR, the communard movement ceased to be a mass social phenomenon. However, to this day, various scattered groups that do not have a fixed membership, which call themselves Communards, have survived. The Arkhangelsk City Headquarters of Schoolchildren named after A.P. Gaidar , founded on October 8, 1961, has survived and is still operating. In Moscow in 2011, the interregional public organization Movement of the Communards was established ^[5]

• The movement of pedagogical units
• Family Pedagogical Clubs Movement
• Communist Movement

• M. Cordon . Introduction to the Communard Movement
• Igor Petrovich Ivanov and the Communard method
• S. Nightingale . Education by Ivanov
• Facts about the communal movement on the site "Altruism Technology"
• Section "Communard movement: attempts to comprehend" on the site "Altruism Technology"
• R. Sokolov . A brief outline of the history of the socio-pedagogical movement