Agarmysh

The highest point is Mount Big Agarmysh (height 722.5 m above sea level) ^[2] . This is a separate massif going from the southwest to the northeast, with a length of about eight kilometers. The top of the mountain is occupied by the eponymous yayla . It has several peaks: the city of Bolshoi Agarmysh (722.5 m), the city of Lysy Agarmysh (the exact height is unknown due to career work), the city of Maly Agarmysh (665 m), the city of Spire (491 m), the city of Fantalnaya (413 m), the city of Bochenko (425 m).

The Agarmysh massif (from the Crimean Tatar ağarmış - “whitened”, “pale”, “grayed out”) has other names: Big Agarmysh, Agermish, Agirmish-Dagi. Bald Agarmysh (Taz-Agarmysh) (in the Crimean Tatar basin means "bald"). Small Agarmysh (Khadyr-Oba, Kadrion, Osmanchug Mountain; Khadyr is the male name, Osmanchik is the former name of the village of Kholodovka). From the west, Agarmysh is adjoined by the Baka-Tash mountains and the two-peak Yaman-Tash - Bolshoi and Maly (in the Crimean Tatar language, baqa means “frog”, yaman means “bad”, “evil”, taş means “stone”).

In the valley near Agarmysh in 1956-1959, the expedition of T. N. Kruglikova (Academy of Sciences of the USSR) of Moscow found a site of primitive man, her age 50-70 thousand years. At a meeting with residents of the city of Old Crimea, Professor M. Kramarovsky said that for 14,000 years people have been living here permanently. In the Middle Ages, clay water pipelines were laid from the catchment galleries of Agarmysh to the valley to the city of Solhat. Thus, Agarmysh contributed to the prosperity of the medieval city. Part of the "gallery" (as the locals call the ancient gallery water supply) is still functioning. On Agarmysh itself, the remains of the fortress wall of ancient Solkhat have been preserved. It was from here that A.L.Bertier-Delagard began his topographical survey in 1925 to determine the boundaries of the ancient city.

Agarmysh is a classic karst of the Mediterranean type. Water, dissolving Upper Jurassic limestones, forms a variety of grottoes , wells, mines, caves.

• The bottomless cave (Genghis Khan's well, Khulakh-yerny (ear of the earth). The entrance to the cave is closed with a reinforced concrete slab. During the study in 1964, the depth was determined (42 m), the width of the bottom (10.4 mx 5, 7 m) and the presence of gas at a depth. By the high content of carbon dioxide and methane, Endless is the only one in the Crimea. The average temperature is +8 ° C. It belongs to the 1st class of difficulty and inaccessibility.
• The Deep Cave is the largest. The highest category of complexity. Closed to the public.
• Dragon Nora Cave. It is located above the Deripnolnaya beam of the Big Agarmysh. Here in 1941-1983, Leningrad archaeologists found the Taurus sanctuary.
• Cave "Hare hole" is 5 meters long, 1 meter deep.
• The Stone Sack Cave has a depth of 6 meters.
• Cave "Komarina" Length 10 meters.
• Fox Tail Cave. Located in the Wolf Yar. In 1905 there was a printing press of Social Democrats in it, in 1943 there was a partisan arms depot.
• The Lomonosov Cave is the longest. Depth 120 meters. Opened in 1986. The highest category of complexity. Closed to the public.
• The Bear’s Cave is 3x4 meters in size, but it has constantly cold air.
• Mask Cave The length from the entrance is about 10 meters, the depth is 2 meters. Located in the Wolf Yar. Rock carvings in the form of masks confirm that this place was a sanctuary of the Tauri. It belongs to the second category of complexity.
• Spider Cave is located on the northern slope of Agarmysh.
• The cave "Cellar" is located on the mountain Spire (opposite Grushevka near the Simferopol quarry). In 1861, a treasure with jewels was found here.
• Cave "Moaning". Depth 42 meters. Drops constantly falling from the ceiling make sounds similar to groans. At the bottom there is a lake with a depth of 0.5 meters. The cave is inaccessible and impassable.

Agarmyshsky forest for more than 200 years. In 1964 it was declared reserved. Beech , oak , hornbeam are the main species of the Old Crimean forest. In the same 1964, the Crimean beech was also taken under protection. A rare hornbeam species is found here - the eastern hornbeam, growing mainly in the form of shrubby forms. There are 2 varieties of oak: fluffy and rocky.

On Agarmysh, you can trace the border between the areas of growth of two species of beech: eastern and forest, which as a result of natural hybridization form many transitional forms. Also here you can find ash, elm, linden, maple, and from the bushes - dogwood, hazel, hawthorn, and skumpy. The southern slope of Agarmysh is rather densely covered with thickets consisting of pyramidal juniper, barberry, blackthorn, wild rose, blackberry. Juniper high and folded snowdrop are relics of the Tertiary period.

And at the very bottom of this slope, right behind the Simferopol - Kerch highway, there is a large artificial pine forest, the landing of which began even before the Great Patriotic War and was continued after its end.

•  

  View from Agarmysh to the Old Crimea.

•  

  Agarmyshsky forest on the northern slope.

•  

  Agarmyshsky forest on the eastern slope.

Agarmysh is an important place for the formation of water resources of the eastern Crimea. Numerous sources make this region one of the most watery. Karst cavities collect water, which then goes outside at all the slopes of the array. In the north comes the most powerful source of Agarmysh - Su-Bash . In the south there are numerous sources and springs that flow into the city. Some of these sources are collected in the old gallery water supply. The most famous source of the southern slope is Maly Chokrak (Molla-Chokrak). The waters from the north-eastern part of the massif (Taz-Agarmysh) come to the surface with numerous springs in the area of ​​the village of Krinichki, which in turn give rise to the Khour-Djila river.

• Blackberry comb
• Cyclamen Kuznetsova
• Folded snowdrop
• Thyme Kalmius
• Some types of peonies (thin-leaved, Bieberstein, etc.)
• Some types of juniper (tall, pyramidal, tree-like).
• Beech - east and forest (ordinary).

During the existence of mountain quarries on Agarmysh there have been significant changes in the environmental situation, both in this region and in the region of influence. The height of the Bald Agarmysh decreased by at least 70 m, which in turn affected the distribution of air flows. Permanent explosions in open pits lead to tectonic displacements in the rock formations of the massif, resulting in collapses in the karst cavities of Agarmysh, which change the direction of currents in underground rivers. Some springs disappear, as the water layers that feed these springs go deeper underground. The disappearance of water layers in turn leads to the drying out of entire parts of the forest.

• On Bald Agarmysh, some scenes were shot from the films “ 9 Companies” (2005), “ Inhabited Island ” (2008) directed by Fyodor Bondarchuk and episodes of the series “ Afghan Ghost ” (2008).
• There is a legend according to which the necklace of the French queen, stolen in 1777 by Jeanne Valois de la Motte, is hidden in the caves of Agarmysh. ^[3] .

• Array of Agarmysh
• About the Agarmysh massif (with photo)
• Agarmysh. The legend of the anniversary of the fogs. (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Archived June 23, 2009.