Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin ( July 13, 1757 - February 8, 1827 ) - cavalry general (1798) and Smolensk military governor (1803), the only son of field marshal S. F. Apraksin [1] , creator of the Olgovo estate. Living on the high side in Moscow in a big way, he remained in the memory of the townspeople as a welcoming hospice and an inveterate theater-goer.
| Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin | |
|---|---|
 Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin Original lithograph by J. B. Lampi | |
| Date of Birth | July 13, 1757 |
| Place of Birth | Riga Russian empire |
| Date of death | February 8, 1827 (69 years old) |
| Place of death | Moscow Russian empire |
| Affiliation |  Russian empire |
| Type of army | infantry, cavalry |
| Rank | cavalry general |
| Commanded | Kiev Infantry Regiment , Astrakhan Dragoon Regiment , 16th Infantry Division |
| Battles / wars | The Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774 , Caucasian war Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792 , Polish campaign 1794 , Russian-Turkish war 1806-1812 |
| Awards and prizes | Order of St. Vladimir 3rd art. (1783)
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Content
Biography
It came from an untitled branch of the Apraksin clan. He was born in Riga on July 13, 1757 [2] much later than his sisters, Maria Talyzina and Elena Kurakina ; he was brought up at the first in the house, remaining an early orphan.
Empress’s godson, he was already enlisted from infancy as a warrant officer in the Life Guards Semyonovsky Regiment and, upon admission to active service, in 1772, was promoted to captain, and on February 22, 1777 he was appointed an adjutant wing and transferred to the Kiev Infantry Regiment , colonel, with whom he participated in the Crimean campaigns against the Turks generals Count de Balmen , Igelstrom and Potemkin .
In 1783 , with the rank of brigadier, Apraksin was assigned to the Astrakhan Dragoon Regiment in the Caucasus, where, commanding a separate detachment, he distinguished himself especially on July 7 and 8, 1785 in the battle with Chechens on Sunzha and on December 2, 1785, when the Zakuban highlanders were defeated, for which he was granted Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree. On February 12, 1786, Apraksin was promoted to major general and in September of that year he was appointed chief of the Astrakhan Dragoon Regiment, and in November he was awarded the Order of St. Anna .
In the 1788 campaign against the Turks, he was at the siege of Ochakov and repeatedly participated in repelling enemy attacks; in 1793 he was promoted to lieutenant general [3] ; in 1794 he participated in a campaign against the Polish Confederates and enjoyed the great location of A. V. Suvorov; in 1796 he commanded a corps of troops located on the Turkish and Austrian borders. With the accession to the throne of Emperor Paul I, on December 3, 1796 he was appointed chief of the Astrakhan Dragoon Regiment.
Produced on March 12, 1798 as a cavalry general, Apraksin, in December of the same year, was fired for his illness, resigned, but when he entered the throne, Alexander I again entered the service and was appointed first inspector of the cavalry of the Moscow and Smolensk inspections, and then , in 1803, to the post of Smolensk military governor . For his immaculate length of service for 25 years in officer ranks, Apraksin was awarded the Order of St. 26 November 1803 . George 4th degree (No. 1501 according to the cavalier list of Grigorovich - Stepanov) and in 1804 he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky .
In 1807, at the Highest Command, Apraksin was entrusted with the formation of the 16th Infantry Division, with which he was on a campaign on the Danube until April 1808.
Privacy
In 1809, Apraksin resigned a second time and settled in Moscow in his house on the corner of Znamenka [4] , where, surviving days, he was famous for his wide hospitality and splendor, supporting in the full sense the dignity of the Russian nobleman. Apraksin’s Hospitality reached homeric proportions. The ball given on January 7, 1818 on the occasion of the imperial court’s stay in Moscow, when there were about 1000 guests invited, was especially splendid. [5]
However, apart from dinners and receptions, Apraksin arranged literary readings, concerts and performances in his home. The house had a theater , which was played by imperial actors, and visiting celebrities, and serf artists. The staging of the plays was amazingly luxurious; in the opera “Diana and Endymion,” deer ran around the stage, the hounds were barking. In 1827, J. Rossini ’s opera The Forty-Thief performed on the Apraksin stage and AS Pushkin and F. F. Vigel were at the play. The playwright S. P. Zhikharev wrote about the house of Apraksin [6] :
| Rich is rich, the surname is not only noble, but also well-deserved, the house is like a full bowl; He has his own music, his own theater, his actors, he loves to live big, friendly and welcoming - take a walk, Moscow! |
Apraksin hosted all of Moscow and in his luxurious estate of Lgovo , where life was also full of entertainment and amusement; guests have never been transferred; strollers, one after another, raced from the capital. Lgov had its own factories - stationery and cloth, a chemical plant; there were up to 1,000 people in the yard. Living in Lgov, Apraksin got up early in the morning and set off on household chores; all those who met should have followed him, so that he would return home already with a whole retinue. On the way, I went to the courtyards, often drank a cup of tea if I met a child, ordered him to wash as soon as possible, considering his eye to be bad. Sometimes he went to the neighborhood to have dinner, drink tea, spend the evening, sometimes a people called to the estate to drum, who announced that the gentleman had a holiday today! Work ceased, barrels of wine and beer were rolled out to the peasants, and Apraksin ordered to have fun [7] . Having a weakness for buildings, Apraksin always broke something or built, and did not tolerate objections in this case; money spending did not bother him, he only patted his pocket and said: " I have everything here ."
Apraksin died in Moscow on February 8, 1827 and was buried in the necropolis of the Novodevichy Convent (the grave was destroyed in Soviet times). Bulgakov A. Ya. Informed his brother [8] :
| Apraksin passed away yesterday at five in the afternoon. Yesterday there was only talk that about this death. Doctors assure that the main disease is a moral and astonished imagination. Stepan Stepanovich has not traveled from the yard for a long time otherwise, as with someone in the carriage. He had two visions at different times in his life; the second time the old man who introduced himself to him said that the third time would appear to announce his death, and indeed, the old man appeared ten days ago to Apraksin to keep his word, and this overly frightened and alarmed the patient. The owner of the house died, and the Italians sang an opera behind the wall; that would be fine, but the theater was packed with friends of the deceased, others considered themselves obligated to make a sad face. Apraksin was, of course, the most empty person, but in capitals of this kind people are needed. Moscow lost a large house where everyone was welcomed and often amused. |
Family
The first handsome man of his time, Apraksin was distinguished by a special inclination towards the female sex. He was the cause of the misfortune of Princess Natalia Petrovna Kurakina (1758-1825), who left for her husband, Prince S. B. Kurakin , Apraksin's cousin. He, cheating on Kurakina, fell in love with his relative [9] the beautiful princess Ekaterina Vladimirovna Golitsyna (1770-1854), daughter of the famous "Queen of Spades" N.P. Golitsyna , and married her on July 13, 1793. Catherine Vladimirovna was the maid of honor of Catherine II, was considered a cavalier lady of the Order of St. Catherine of the 2nd and 1st degrees and in the rank of State Lady was the Hofmeister of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna . Their marriage came out happy, they had three daughters and three sons.
- Natalia Stepanovna (11/14/1794 - 05/07/1890), a maid of honor, an amateur artist, was married since 1817 to Jägermeister Prince S. S. Golitsyn (1783-1833); was known for her wide charity.
- Vladimir Stepanovich (11/13/796-1833), was brought up in the house of Prince. N.P. Golitsyna was especially loved by her, he was the only person who was not afraid of her. The participant of the Patriotic War of 1812, by the highest decree of March 25, 1817, was appointed the adjutant wing in "appreciation for the excellent service" of his general’s uncle from the cavalry of Prince Golitsyn and the adjutant general Count Stroganov; from 1824 - colonel, from 1831 - major general. Died of cholera. He was married since 1818 to Countess Sofya Petrovna Tolstoy (1800-1886), daughter of General P. A. Tolstoy .
- Stepan Stepanovich (12/05/797 - 12/15/1799), was buried in the Novodevichy Convent [10] .
- Sofya Stepanovna (1798–03.02.1885), state lady, founder of the Lady’s Guardianship of the Poor, founded the Komissarov Technical School, participated in the activities of the Prison Committees; since 1817, she was the second wife of Prince A. G. Shcherbatov (1776-1848), a member of the State Council, the Moscow Governor General.
- Agrippina Stepanovna (12/05/1799 - 08/13/1800), was buried in the Borisoglebsky Monastery [11] .
- Victor Stepanovich (06/08/802—?), The godson of Count A. S. Stroganov .
Ekaterina Vladimirovna, wife Vladimir Stepanovich,
a sonSofya Petrovna, daughter-in-law Natalya Stepanovna, daughter Sofya Stepanovna, daughter
Notes
- ↑ D. S — c. Apraksin, Stepan Stepanovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ A number of sources, including the Russian Biographical Dictionary , indicate the incorrect date of Apraksin's birth: June 13, 1747; the above date should be considered true, as indicated on the tombstone. In addition, Bantysh-Kamensky in his father’s biography reports: “The son of Stepan Fedorovich, Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin, on the occasion of his victory as field marshal at Gross-Egersdorf , while still in the cradle, was recorded by Empress Elisaveta Petrovna (1757) as ensign in the labor lab ".
- ↑ According to the information of G. A. Miloradovich , S. S. Apraksin was promoted to lieutenant general in 1794.
- ↑ The Apraksins House was built in 1792 by the architect Camporezi , in terms of vastness it was one of the largest houses in Moscow, now ul. Znamenka, d.19, rebuilt.
- ↑ Grandma’s stories from the memories of five generations, recorded and collected by her grandson D. Blagovo. - L .: Nauka, 1989.
- ↑ Zhikharev S.P. Notes of a contemporary - M.; L., 1955.- P.164.
- ↑ Russian portraits of the XVII and XIX centuries. T.1. issue 4. Number 156.
- ↑ Brothers Bulgakov: letters / Alexander Bulgakov; Konstantin Bulgakov. T.3. - M.: Zakharov, 2010.-624 p.
- ↑ S. S. Apraksin was a cousin of Prince N.P. Golitsyna, mother of the bride. Their common grandmother Elena Leontyevna Kokoshkina in her first marriage was for F.K. Apraksin, in her second marriage for A.I. Ushakov .
- ↑ Vel. Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich. Moscow necropolis. T. 1., 1907.
- ↑ Vel. Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich. Russian provincial necropolis. T. 1., 1914.
Literature
- Apraxins // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Sources
- Bantysh-Kamensky, D. N. Biographies of Russian Generalissimo and Field Marshal General. In 4 parts. Reprint reproduction of the 1840 edition . - M .: Culture , 1991.
- Borozdin K. Experience of the historical genealogy of the Apraksins. SPb., 1841
- Apraksin, Stepan Stepanovich // Algerian expeditions - Arakcheev, Count, Alexei Andreevich. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911. - P. 610. - ( Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / edited by V. F. Novitsky [and others ]; 1911-1915, v. 2).
- Miloradovich G. A. The list of persons of the retinue of their majesties from the reign of Emperor Peter I to 1886. Kiev., 1886
- D. S — c. Apraksin, Stepan Stepanovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Saitov V. Moscow necropolis. T. 1. AI. St. Petersburg, 1907.P. 48
- Fedorchenko V.I. Suite of Russian emperors. Book 1. A — L. M., 2005