Samba (dance)

Samba is a Brazilian dance that goes back to the state of Bahia . Over time, the first schools of samba and blocks ( blocos "block") in the amount of up to fifty people, which were paraded through the streets. The first Brazilian carnivals appeared in the 1920–1930s. To date, they have become traditional not only for Rio de Janeiro, but also for other major cities. Carnival has long become a competition in which different samba schools compete for the title of "Best Samba School."

“Brazilians loved samba so much that it became their national music. And Rio - the center of the different directions of samba. There are many samba schools here, its folk version lives here - the samba of Brazilian slums ”- Gilberto Gil .

Samba de kind ( Samba de roda - a circular samba or samba in a circle) is an improvised Afro-Brazilian dance of the state of Bahia . The most ancient and authentic type of samba, from which the urban samba carioca originated. In Bahia, as a rule, men perform musical accompaniment, while women sing and clap their hands. According to tradition, these performers form a circle in which only one or less often two women usually dance. Men seldom enter the circle for dancing. Capoeiristas also play capoeira in a circle ( port. Roda ), which often ends with a kind of samba dancing with their participation.

Samba no pe ( Samba no pé - samba on the feet ) - the movements of this dance are used by dancers ( passistas ) who ride a special colorful van when passing samba schools at carnivals. In this case, it is one of the types of carnival samba - solo dance performed by women. It can be performed on the dance floor as a pair dance without support, i.e. partners keep their distance.

The pagoda ( Pagode ) resembles samba de gafiyeira , but does not contain acrobatic movements, is performed in pairs with close proximity of the partners to each other.

Samba Axé dance is performed solo or in large groups. The form of samba, which mixes elements of samba well and aerobics, beats playful lyrics.

Samba Reggae ( Samba Reggae ) originated in the Brazilian state of Bahia . A very common version of samba, which is played with reggae music.

Samba de Gafeeira ( Samba de Gafieira ) is a pair social dance that combines elements of a typewriter , previously known as the Brazilian tango, Argentine tango , waltz . At the demonstration shows, the dance is performed with acrobatic movements borrowed from rock and roll .

The name of the style comes from the Brazilian word gafiyeira , denoting a dance floor. In Brazil, samba de gafiyeira is considered to be a ballroom or more precisely salon dance ( dança de salão ), but it is completely different from the international sports samba. The striking difference between the two options is due to the fact that samba de gafayeira is derived directly from mashish ^[2] . Ballroom dance samba (international standard) was formed in Europe and the United States on the basis of a refined and devoid of erotic car. Such a dance was presented in 1909 in Paris by a pair of Brazilian dancers Duque (Brazilian pronunciation: Duque - Antonio Lopes de Amorim Diniz , 1884-1853) and Maria Lina. Duque created his own choreography for the machine, which he taught since 1914 in the open dance school in Paris. Steps are currently being taken to standardize samba de gafeeira with a view to adopting it into the compulsory Latin American ballroom dancing program ( International Latin ). Standard figures of samba de gafaiira are given by Brazilian researcher of salon dances Marc António Perna ^[3] .

The National Association of Salon Dance ( Associação Nacional de Dança de Salão, ANDANÇAS ) was established in Brazil in 2003 .

Ballroom dance samba ( port. Samba internacional , Eng. International Ballroom Samba ) is currently a pair of ballroom dancing (SBT) and is required for performance in the Latin American program.

Ball samba dance is characterized by frequent changes in partner positions, hip mobility and general expressive character. Dance movements are characterized by the rapid movement of body weight through bending and straightening of the knees. The main clock scheme of choreography: a-slow, slow, a-slow, slow . Some typical pa dancers are: boogie fogo (from the name of the Rio de Janeiro district Botafogo ), Jacques court ( corta jaca ), turn ( volta ), fast motion ( whisk ) and crossing ( cruzado ).

The samba ballroom dance resulted from the mutual influence of two cultural traditions: African ritual dances of black slaves who arrived in Brazil from Congo , Angola and Mozambique , and European dances ( waltz , polka ), introduced by the Portuguese. Samba also experienced the impact of the Brazilian shot dance ( port. Xote, xótis ), which developed from the Scottish polka in its German version. Brazilian shota should not be confused with ecosez . Before contact with European culture, Africans did not have pair dances.

Encyclopedia Britannica notes that this pair dance style is of Brazilian origin. This type of samba became popular in the USA and Western Europe in the late 40s of the 20th century . Many movements of the dancers were borrowed from the matchish (" Brazilian tango "). Partners can break a couple and perform some dance moves at a considerable distance from each other ^[4] .

In Europe, up to 1914, the samba ballroom dance was not known, because the match was in fashion, which was considered a Brazilian dance, and in Brazil, until the early 30s of the 20th century, in urban environments, samba existed in symbiosis with the machine that was in great fashion Brazil in 1870 - 1914 : samba-mashishe ( samba-maxixe ). Mashish was forbidden because of the erotic movements of the dancers. It should be noted that sexual frankness and expression of the machine are also characteristic of the Angolan dance tarraxinha, which originated from the slow Angolan semba and is considered a kind of kizomba , and in all these dances there is a characteristic ancient ritual movement, the umbigad. Such an explicit parallel provides undoubted reasons for the assumption of a single source of the Angolan semba and the Brazilian samba.

Despite the fact that this ballroom dance is called samba and is derived from Brazilian dances, in Brazil it is called the “international samba” ( port o samba internacional ), is not considered to be typically Brazilian and is little known in the country. The costumes of the dancers, the musical accompaniment and the style of performance of the international samba have little in common with the samba de gafeeira, which is a popular ballroom dance in Brazil. The movements of the modern samba ballroom dance are mainly based on pas, borrowed from mashishe, and are not always performed in the rhythm of samba, as they are often accompanied by flamenco , cha-cha, and salsa music.

Compared with other Latin American ballroom dances, the sports samba pair in its evolution has become the most distant from the origins that gave it its name, and outside Brazil can be called the “Brazilian Waltz” ^[5] .

A distinctive feature of samba, like other types of African-American music and dance, is a syncopated rhythm. The use of polyrhythmias and cross rhythms is characteristic. Rhythmic polyphony is created by a wide range of percussion instruments.

• Samba (music)

• Perna, Marco Antonio. Samba de Gafieira - a história da dança de salão brasileira, 2001. ISBN 8590196585 (port.)

• [2] (English)
• [3] (Russian)
• Samba well pe - video tutorial (Aula de samba no pé com Paulo Aguiar vol.1 em dvd) (port.)
• Samba de gafiera performance 3
• Pa samba de gafieira (Samba de gafieira - passos)