Variegated Mushroom Umbrella

Russian synonyms:

• Big umbrella mushroom
• Mushroom umbrella high
• Royal chanpin
• Variegated Mushroom Umbrella

In other languages:

• The name in many languages ​​is associated with the umbrella-shaped form of this fungus ( English Parasol mushroom ital. Ombrellone, Parasole ).
• In Italy, young mushrooms with an unopened hat are called “drumsticks” ( Italian: mazza di tamburo ).

The fruit bodies of the hat-cutaneous , central, come in very large sizes.

A hat with a diameter of 20–35 cm, initially spherical, then opens from broad-conical, convex to umbrella-shaped, the edges may remain slightly bent. In the center, a dark rounded tubercle is often clearly visible. The skin is radially fibrous, brownish gray, covered with easily detachable dark brown angular scales.

The flesh of the cap is fleshy-fleshy, later more dense, white or light, does not change when pressed and cut. The smell is weak, mushroom, the taste is pleasant, nutty.

Leg 10-30 (up to 40) cm, thickness 1-2 (up to 4) cm, cylindrical, hollow, stiff fiber, with spherical thickening at the base, easily separated from the cap. The surface of the stalk of young mushrooms is uniformly brown, later light brown, covered with dark scales, often arranged in rings, which makes the stalk appear striated or similar to snake skin.

Plates up to 2 cm wide, taper to the leg, easily detach from the cap, free, white, frequent, become cream or beige with age, form a thin cartilaginous collarium near the leg.

The remains of the bedspread . The ring is membranous, wide, white above, brownish below, with a bifurcated margin, easily moves along the leg. The vulva is absent.

Spore powder is white or cream.

Microscopic signs

Spores (15-20) × (10-13) microns, ellipsoid, smooth, pseudo-amyloid , metachromatic , have a time of germination, the contents fluoresce.

The tram of the plates is regular, of cylindrical thin-walled hyphae with a diameter of 7-15 microns, colorless, with buckles.

The gypsum flakes of the hat are 150-400 × 8-10 microns in size, smooth, of various shapes: filiform, ring-shaped or lanceolate, usually twisted and rarely vertically leave the cap. The gypsum scales of the legs are similar in structure, but are usually collected in bunches.

Four-spore basidia , thin-walled, club-shaped, 35–45 × 14–16 μm, sterigma 4.5–6 μm long.

Cheilocystids are thin-walled, colorless, of various shapes, 30–55 × 12–20 μm; there are caulocystids.

Color chemical reactions

The reactions of plates with α-naphthol and pulp with aniline are negative; the flesh with phenol and phenolaniline turns brown, with guaiacol gives a bluish-green color; reaction with sulfovaniline is negative.

Saprotroph , grows on sandy soils in bright forests in clearings and edges , clearings and clearings; It is found in open grassy places, in parks , in fields , in vegetable gardens .

Widely distributed in the northern temperate zone . It is found everywhere in Europe , in Asia - Turkey , Iran , Transcaucasia , India , Central Asia ( Kyrgyzstan ), China , Mongolia , Siberia , the Far East , Japan , in North America - everywhere, in South America - Chile , in Australia , Africa ( Algeria , Morocco , Kenya , Zaire ), as well as on the islands - Cuba , Solomon Islands , Madagascar , Sri Lanka .

Fruits alone or in loose groups, can form rows and “ witch circles ”.

Season June - November.

Edible:

• A graceful umbrella mushroom ( Macrolepiota gracilenta ) and similar species are much smaller.
• The reddening mushroom umbrella ( Chlorophyllum rhacodes ) is smaller, with a “shaggy” cap surface and reddening flesh.

Poisonous:

• Chlorophyllum molybdites is found in North America , smaller in size, its flesh becomes red-brown when pressed, the spore powder is olive-green.
• Chlorophyllum brunneum less, with reddening flesh.

Edible mushroom , many consider it one of the best. Young hats can be fried on a wire rack or in breadcrumbs, sometimes in raw form an umbrella is used in salads and sandwiches . Typically, stiff legs are usually dried and ground into powder, which is a seasoning with a pronounced mushroom taste and smell. Dried legs can not be frayed, but cooked entirely in soups. Older dense pulp mushrooms can be used for pickling . Before cooking, the mushroom must be cleaned of stiff scales.

• Wasser S.P. Flora of mushrooms of Ukraine. Agaric mushrooms / otv. ed. I.A. Dudka. - K .: “Naukova Dumka”, 1980. - S. 293-295, 52.
• Mushrooms: Reference / Transl. with ital . F. Dwin. - M .: "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - S. 66. - ISBN 5-17-009961-4 .
• Lesso T. Mushrooms, qualifier / transl. from English L.V. Garibova, S.N. Lekomtseva. - M .: Astrel, AST, 2003. - S. 165. - ISBN 5-17-020333-0 .
• Reference book: Mushrooms / Resp. for the release of Yu. G. Khatskevich. - Mn. : “Harvest”, 2002. - S. 260. - 7000 copies. - ISBN 985-13-0913-3 .

• Taxonomy at www.mycobank.org