Sasyk [4] , Sasyk-Sivash ( Ukrainian Sasik, Sasik-Sivash , Crimean-Tat. Sasıq, Sasıq Sıvaş, Sasyk, Sasyk Syvash ) - the largest lake and salt lake on the Crimean peninsula located between the cities of Yevpatoria and Saki on the territory of Saki district and the Evpatoria City Council (partially). The area is 75.3 km², the drainage basin is 1064 km² [2] . The type of general mineralization is salty . The origin is estuary. The hydrological regime group is closed .
| Lake | |
| Sasyk | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian Sasik , Crimean Tat. Sasıq | |
 | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | -0.6 [1] m |
| Dimensions | 14 [2] × <9 [2] km |
| Square | 75.3 [2] km² |
| Deepest | 1.2 [2] m |
| Average depth | 0.5 [2] m |
| Hydrology | |
| Type of mineralization | salty [1] |
| Transparency | 0.6 m |
| Pool | |
| Pool area | 1064 [2] km² |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Region | Crimea |
| Areas | Saki district , Evpatoria , Evpatoria city council |
It is part of a complex landscape reserve of regional importance Sasyk , created on December 21, 2011 with a total area of 5,000 hectares. Sasyk is one of the 6 lakes of Crimea (the others are Achi , Bakalskoye , Maloye Elkinskoye , Koyashskoye , Chokrakskoye ), which is part of the nature conservation facility.
Geography
Included in the Evpatoria group of lakes . Length - 14 km. The average width is 5.5 km, the largest - 9 km. The average depth is 0.5 m, the greatest - 1.2 m [2] . Height above sea level: —0.6 m. It is separated from the sea by an embankment 0.9–1.7 km wide. In the summer, the area decreases significantly, the salinity of the water increases.
Sasyk is separated from the Black Sea by the isthmus along which the highway Yevpatoriya- Saki and the railway Yevpatoriya- Ostryakovo pass. The lake basin of an irregular elongated body of water stretching from west to east. The banks are gentle, with the exception of some sections in the east - steep. Rivers do not flow. The southern coast adjacent to the isthmus is straight and repeats the line of the coastline of the sea; shores that extend into the land are cut and dissected by 6 large beams (from west to east - Mamatkuiskaya, n / a, n / a, Baranovskaya, Nadezhdinskaya, Temesh) and rhizomes that flow into the lake. The northern part is separated from the main bulk dam, which stretches across the entire body of water from west to east, thus depriving stormwater from the beams to the entire lake. Between the beams Nadezhdinskaya and Temesh, the coastline extends deep into the lake - Cape Krasny, where the quarry is located.
Near the village of Okhotnikovo, at the confluence of the dry rivers, the Nadezhdinskaya beams pass over the Saki-Karyernoye highway bridge and the railway for freight destination for the Saki-Karyernoye quarry. On the isthmus there are checks of salt industries. The lake has two channels that overlook the Black Sea, located west of the Solnyshko railway platform and north of the village of Pribrezhnoye , the first has direct access to the sea, the second stretches towards Saki Lake to the channel of Saki Lake with the Black Sea. The regime of discharge of the lake’s waters into the sea is regulated by water pumps and pumping stations.
In the west, Evpatoria adjoins Lake Sasyk, on the shore there are also such settlements of the Saki regionː Limannoe - in the west, Orlyanka and Okhotnikovo - in the northeast, Coastal - in the southeast.
Thickets of water-loving vegetation are common in the north of the lake. The salt marshes are located near the isthmus, as well as the area at the confluence of the dry-riffled beam Nadezhdinskaya (south of Okhotnikovo). The characteristic color of the lake is associated both with the vital activity of unicellular algae of the Dunaliella brackish species , producing a significant amount of β-carotene , as well as microorganisms of the Archaean domain [5] . The waters of the lake can acquire a color from pink to intense red.
At the bottom lies a thickness of bottom sediments: silty black in the upper layer, then gray and steel-gray, sometimes with a bluish tint. Higher aquatic vegetation develops successfully only in the desalinated upper reaches of lakes and at the outlets of low-mineralized groundwater. The lake is overgrown with aquatic vegetation mainly in desalinated areas - in lagoons near embankments, in the mouths of flowing beams, in the area of groundwater outlets. Here, various algae intensively develop, up to the flowering of water. In some years, algae give a reddish or greenish tint to lake brine in summer.
The average annual rainfall is about 400 mm . Nutrition: mixed - surface and groundwater of the Black Sea artesian basin , sea filtration water.
Due to the stormy northeastern wind with gusts of up to 30 m / s and wave height at Sasyk-Sivash lake up to 1.5 m, on April 16, 2013 there was a threat of a breakthrough of the Separation Dam of Sasyk-Sivash Lake at 6, 7 and 8 km. The next day, the wind power decreased and the situation on the dam stabilized [6] .
Economic value
Mud (silt sulfide coastal type) of the lake are classified as therapeutic and therefore the lake is a place of recreation. It is one of the 14 mud deposits of the Crimea that have sanitary protection zones approved by the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR [7] . According to the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 11.12.1996 No. 1499 “On approval of the list of water resources belonging to the category of medicinal”, it is one of 13 mud deposits of Crimea recognized as medicinal .
At the isthmus with the Black Sea there are places of salt industry.
In the isthmus in 2017, two quarries for the extraction of sea sand began to work.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Map sheet L-36-XXVIII .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 AA Lisovsky, V.A. Novik, Z.V. Timchenko, Z.R. Mustafaeva. Surface water bodies of Crimea (reference book) / AA Lisovsky. - Simferopol : Reskomvodkhoz ARK, 2004 .-- S. 34. - 114 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 966-7711-26-9 .
- ↑ This geographical feature is located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula , most of which is the subject of territorial disagreements between Russia , which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine , within the borders of which the disputed territory is recognized by the international community. According to the federal structure of Russia , the subjects of the Russian Federation are located in the disputed territory of Crimea - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol . According to the administrative division of Ukraine , the regions of Ukraine are located in the disputed territory of Crimea - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with special status Sevastopol .
- ↑ Sasyk // Dictionary of names of hydrographic objects of Russia and other countries - members of the CIS / ed. G.I. Donidze. - M .: Kartgeotsentr - Geodezizdat, 1999. - S. 325. - ISBN 5-86066-017-0 .
- ↑ Lake Sasyk-Sivash . vkrym.su .
- ↑ News (04.17.2013) on the website of the Saki inter-district water authority (Inaccessible link) . Date of treatment April 15, 2014. Archived on April 16, 2014.
- ↑ Catalog of mud deposits of the USSR, 1970