Solotvino

Located in the Maramorosh (Verhnetisenskaya) basin on the right bank of the Tisza ^[4] .

In the village there is a border crossing to Romania on the bridge over Tisu ^[2] and the customs post "Solotvino" ^[5] .

The main feature of the village are salt mines , the extraction of rock salt in which has been carried out since the Bronze Age (the second millennium BC).

Solotvina was founded in the XIII century , but the settlement near the village belongs to the I-II centuries BC. e., already in the period of the Roman Empire, salt was transported from here. The salt mines of that time were the most valuable treasure of the region and gave the greatest income to the Hungarian government. In the salt mines, in addition to enslaved peasants, Hungarian serf serfs condemned to hard labor also worked. The life of salt makers was largely dependent on the development of salt production methods. The oldest and most primitive way was digging stepped pits up to 20 meters deep. Later, cone-shaped holes were dug, the so-called. damn yami. They were up to 140-150 meters deep. Workers descended into such pits along bound ladders, and salt was raised in nets woven from twine or sacks made of bovine leather. This primitive method of salt extraction has existed throughout the Middle Ages. The working conditions were difficult. The extraction of salt in the XVI - the first half of the XVII century was also carried out by primitive means. The main tools of the Solekop's work were: a hammer, minting, a wedge, a kilo, a shovel, a wheelbarrow, a burden and a bag.

Systematic salt production began in the second half of the 18th century . Under Austria-Hungary , up to eight salt mines operated.

In 1975, the population was 8.4 thousand people, the basis of the economy was the extraction of rock salt; a bakery also operated here ^[4] .

In January 1989, the population was9651 people ^[6] .

As of January 1, 2013, the population was 8955 people ^[7] .

By 2012, salt production was completely halted. Until 2012, there was one mine in the village (No. 8); until 2008, mine No. 9), owned by the Solotvinsky salt mine of Ukrsolprom , worked. Currently, the mines are not working, flooded. The annual salt production in 1970 amounted to 451 thousand tons (about 10% of the total salt production in Ukraine), since 1991 it has been greatly reduced, and is currently absent. The salt reserves of salt mines are 30 million tons, but the total volume of the Solotvinsk salt stock is several km³.

In mine number 9, the salt mine has been since the 1980s. Solotvinsk underground low-background laboratory owned by the Institute of Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine .

Before the flooding in mine number 9, there were underground rooms of the Republican Allergy Hospital of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, since 1968 speleotherapy of patients with asthma was carried out. In mine number 8 there were underground rooms of the Transcarpathian Regional Allergy Hospital .

Salt Solotvinsky lakes in the western part of Solotviny (near the exit of salt layers to the surface) are a resting place. The largest of Solotvinsky lakes is Lake Kunigunda , located on the site of one of the flooded old mines. The village has a museum of the history of salt production.

Since the 2000s Due to the time that has not been eliminated, the increasing influx of fresh groundwater and the erosion of subsurface salt strata in the village have resulted in the development of karst holes that threaten residential buildings and other buildings. One of the two salt mine mines operating at that time was flooded, the mine’s ground facilities were dismantled. The State Commission on Technological and Environmental Safety and Emergencies decided ^{[8] to} conserve both mines, liquidate the state-owned enterprise Solotvinsky Salt Mine, develop a comprehensive program for the rehabilitation of the village and a project for the construction of a new mine in the area with. Mucking for salt and opening a new allergy hospital. About 200 families whose homes are dangerously close to karst failures will be resettled in Tereblyu ^[9] . By the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, about 150 million UAH was allocated for the liquidation of the man-made disaster, more than 700 million UAH is planned to be spent.

Railway station Solotvino ^[4] on the line Batevo - Veliky Bychkov . A highway of national importance R-03 passes through the village ( Rogatin - Ivano-Frankivsk - Rakhov - Mukachevo ).

• Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP)
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
• Ukrainian Roman Catholic Church
• Church of Christians of the Evangelical Faith of Ukraine ^[10]
• Evangelical Baptist Christians
• Seventh-day Adventists
• Reformed Church
• Jehovah's Witnesses Christian Meeting

•  

  Catholic church of St. Stephen in Solotvyn

•  

  Museum of salt production

•  

  One of the healing lakes

•  

  The building of the former synagogue

•  

  Old jewish cemetery

•  

  New Jewish Cemetery

•  

  Evening in Solotvino

•  

  Salt Lake in Solotvino

•  

  Sanatorium on salt lakes

•  

  Underground department of the sanatorium for the treatment of allergic diseases

• Encyclopedia of Ukrainian studies / V. Kubіyovich . - Paris; New York: Young Life, 1954-1989. (Ukrainian)
• Encyclopedia of Subcarpathian Rus. Uzhhorod, 2006.
• History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR.

• Solotvino (photo)
• Solotvino. 400 meters underground. Photos of working mines
• Solotvino. Our house