Asadullah Sarvari (born 1941 ) - Afghan state, party and political figure, member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the PDPA , head of the Office for the Protection of Interests of Afghanistan (AGSA) ( 1978 - 1979 ), deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Council, deputy prime minister ( 1980 ) , Ambassador of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in Mongolia ( 1980 - 1984 ).
| Asadullah Sarwari | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Predecessor | Position established | ||||||
| Successor | Asadullah Amin | ||||||
| Birth | 1941 or 1943 Ghazni , Kingdom of Afghanistan | ||||||
| The consignment | PDPA | ||||||
| Profession | Military | ||||||
Content
Biography
Career start
Asadulla Sarvari was born in 1941 in a Tajik family in Ghazni [1] . He was one of the first officers of the Afghan army to be educated in the USSR . Specialty - “combat pilot”. Since 1967, he participated in the activities of the Halk faction of the illegal Marxist People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan . Asadullah Sarwari was a staunch supporter of the leader of the Halk, Nur Mohammad Taraki . Hassan Kakar, an Afghan historian, points out that he was the most radical and adventurous of all the Halk leaders [2] .
In July 1973, Sarvari, along with other left-wing officers, participated in the overthrow of the last Afghan monarch, Zahir Shah . As a result, the king’s cousin, former Prime Minister Mohammad Daud, came to power. From summer to autumn 1973 he was the commandant of Kabul, then until 1976 - the head of the administrative department of air defense [3] .
AGSA Chief and Diplomat
After the Saur revolution, he was appointed head of the Afghan intelligence service in 1979 . As head of the ACSA, he participated in the torture of the ex-Minister of Planning and a member of the Parcham faction Sultan Ali Keshtmand , the future Prime Minister of Afghanistan [2] [4] .
During the conflict between the leaders of the Hulk, Nur Mohammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin , Sarvari became the last in opposition. In mid-September, the KGB residency of the USSR received reliable information about Amin’s intention to physically deal with his political opponents Watanjar , Gulyabzoy and Sarvari [5] . AM Puzanov was commissioned to provide asylum to the supporters of Taraka (Sarvari, Watanjar, Mazduyar and Gulyabzoy); they arrived at the embassy, where they were taken under the care of the Soviet special services, and then illegally taken out of the country to Moscow . However, on September 14, Taraki was released from all posts and later killed (officially died as a result of a serious illness). Amin became the Secretary General. On September 16th, under the chairmanship of Shah Vali, an extraordinary plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the PDPA was held, at which it was decided to expel Sarvari from the party together with Watanjar, Mazdurjar and Gulyabzoy as “a terrorist group operating under the leadership of N. M. Taraki for committing anti-people’s actions” [4] . In October, at a meeting of the ambassadors of the socialist countries, Foreign Minister Shah Wali stated that the four members of the PDPA Central Committee (Sarvari, Watanjar, Mazdurjar and Gulyabzoy) began to conspire against Amin since the spring of 1979, trying to first achieve his removal from the post of head of government and his removal from the Politburo of the Central Committee of the PDPA, and then physically eliminate him, having made several attempts on his life. Shah Vali also said that the conspirators after the failure of the conspiracy took refuge in the Soviet embassy and from there tried to establish contact with some parts of the Kabul garrison in order to raise them against Amin, but they failed to do this [6] .
On the night of December 24-25, Sarvari, Watanjar and Gulyabzoy secretly returned to Afghanistan [4] . Two days later, Amin died during an assault by special forces of the KGB and the Soviet army of the Taj Beck Palace . He was replaced by the Karmal administration. After the Soviet troops entered Afghanistan, according to the government of Babrak Karmal , Sarvari became deputy prime minister, but was soon removed from the government and appointed ambassador to Mongolia on August 17, 1980, then, from 1984 to 1988, he worked as ambassador to South Yemen [ 3] . July 11, 1981 he was removed from the Politburo of the Central Committee of the PDPA, and July 10, 1986 - from the membership of the Central Committee of the PDPA [3] . He was part of the leading core of the Organization of Unity of the People of Afghanistan, which arose in 1988 [7] .
Recent years
In 1990, Sarvari arbitrarily arrived in India [3] , however, he soon returned home. In 1992, after the fall of the communist regime and the rise of the Mujahideen to power, he was arrested by the security service Ahmad Shah Masud [3] .
On December 26, 2005, the trial of Asadulla Sarvari began, which was accused of participating in unjustified arrests, torture and mass killings of hundreds of opponents of the communist regime during his stay as head of Afghan intelligence. At the first meeting of the trial, he rejected the charges against him, saying that he regarded them as a political conspiracy [8] . On February 23, 2006, the court sentenced him to death [8] , which provoked the applause and shouts of “Allah Akbar” from the people present in the courtroom whose relatives disappeared without a trace [9] . Chief Justice Abdul Basit Bakhtiyari stated: “Given the evidence, we are sentencing you, Sarvari, to death for the killing of hundreds of people in communist prisons under your command” [10] . Asadulla Sarvari told the court that “The government at that time was a huge mechanism, and I was only part of this mechanism” [9] . He was acquitted on a second charge of trying to organize an uprising against the Mujahideen government in the early 1990s [9] . Amnesty International called the trial of Sarvari extremely unfair and, in the opinion of the human rights organization, it was far from meeting international standards for a fair trial [11] . In October 2008, the Military Court of Appeal of Afghanistan sentenced him to 19 years in prison. [3]
In January 2017, Sarvari was released from prison [12] .
Notes
- ↑ M. Hassan Kakar. Afghanistan. The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982 . - Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
- ↑ 1 2 M. Hassan Kakar. Afghanistan. The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982 . - Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 SARVARI Asadullah (Russian) , Central Asia.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Slinkin M.F. . People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan in power. The time of Taraki-Amin (1978-1979) (1999.). Archived on September 30, 2007.
- ↑ Khristoforov V.S. Afghanistan. The ruling party and the army (1978-1989). - M .: Boundary, 2009. - S. 27. - ISBN 978-5-98759-052-2 BBK 66.3 (5Af) +68.48 (5Af) X 93.
- ↑ Khristoforov V.S. Afghanistan. The ruling party and the army (1978-1989). - M .: Boundary, 2009. - S. 33. - ISBN 978-5-98759-052-2 BBK 66.3 (5Af) +68.48 (5Af) X 93.
- ↑ Slinkin M.F. . AFGHANISTAN. PAGES OF HISTORY (80–90s of the XX century) / Left-democratic organizations in Afghanistan: history of origin and activity (2003). Archived December 15, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Trial Watch: Assadullah Sarwari (Russian) , Trial Watch. Archived December 2, 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Griff Witte and Javed Hamdard . Afghan Convicted of War Crimes. Ex-Spy Chief Says He Will Appeal Death Sentence (English) , The Washington Post (February 26, 2006).
- ↑ Former head of the Afghan GB sentenced to death (Rus.) , BBC Russian Service (February 26, 2006).
- ↑ Document - Afghanistan: Death Penalty / Unfair Trial: Asadullah Sarwari (m), aged 65 (Eng.) , Amnesty International (March 2006).
- ↑ Assadullah Sarwari Freed from Prison: What chances of war crimes trials in Afghanistan?