Juvenile justice

Since the 1870s, the citizens of the American city of Boston, Cook and Augustus began to offer judges not to apply to minors who are able to take the path of correction, punishment, but to transfer them under the supervision of guardianship authorities.

In July 1899, the first Children's Court was established in the United States in Chicago based on the Illinois Law on Abandoned, Homeless, and Criminal Children and their Care. The adoption of the Law and the creation of a juvenile court were initiated by Lucy Flower of the Chicago Women's Club, Julia Latrop of the Hall House public organization, and the Visitation and Aid society. To consider cases of minors, a new concept was introduced: “guilty”, “delinquent” ( English delinquent ), which differs from the concept of “criminal” ( English criminal ), found fixing the status of a juvenile delinquent, which became the subject of juvenile justice.

Later, the idea of ​​juvenile justice was developed in the UK, where in 1908 a series of laws on children and youth were adopted. In France, the first juvenile court was established in 1914 based on US experience.

To date, several models of juvenile justice have developed in the world: Anglo-American, continental and Scandinavian.

The juvenile justice system is a network of institutions and organizations ^{[8] [9]} that work together with juvenile offenders ^[9] , whose activities are based on laws and procedural rules governing the treatment of minors ^[10] . These institutions and organizations include the police, courts, prosecutors, prosecutors, prisons, probation and juvenile correctional services ^[8] .

The following example of such a system is known: .

The central element of the juvenile justice system is the juvenile court, within its competence, considering criminal, civil and administrative cases in which one of the parties is a minor ^[11] . The main tasks of juvenile courts include the protection of children and their rehabilitation ^[12] .

In Russia, work to create a new specialized judicial legal system for the protection of the rights of minors was actively carried out until 2010 inclusive. It is supposed that it should be represented by both state bodies administering justice in cases of crimes and offenses committed by minors, and state and non-state structures that oversee the correction and rehabilitation of juvenile delinquents and the prevention of juvenile delinquency, social protection of the family and the rights of minors.

In particular, a draft Federal Law “On the Basics of the Juvenile Justice System” of 02.14.05 ^[13] was developed. The procedure for introducing juvenile courts into the judicial system of the Russian Federation is determined by the Federal Constitutional Law “On Juvenile Courts in the Russian Federation” and as a bill was proposed by public organizations ^[14] . The concept of the Juvenile Court of the city of Rostov-on-Don (special judicial composition for juvenile district courts of the city) was developed ^[15] .

In Russia, there are ^{[16] [17] [18]} juvenile justice in the broad and narrow sense of the word:

• in the narrow sense, it is a specialized branch of the judicial system;
• in the broad sense, this is a set of legal mechanisms (medical, social, psychological, pedagogical and rehabilitation, and other procedures and programs) designed to ensure the protection of the rights , freedoms and legitimate interests of minors, implemented by the system of state and non-state bodies, institutions and organizations.

The juvenile justice system (juvenile system ^[19] ) in Russia is understood as a theoretical and legal construction that includes a set of mechanisms aimed at realizing and ensuring, on the basis of statutory procedures, the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a minor and implemented within the framework of the activities of specialized juvenile services and institutions profile ^{[19] [20]} . In the juvenile justice juvenile justice system, a central place is assigned ^[19] .

The Russian Orthodox Church does not support work on reforming the existing system for the prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency ^[21] . Youth Yabloko, on the contrary, supports the introduction of juvenile justice in Russia ^[22] .

• Juvenile court
• Ombudsman
• Juvenile Justice in France
• Luzern County Child Sale Case
• Child protection
• Cambridge Somerville Youth Study

• Ismailov B. I. Legal basis of the juvenile justice system . Tutorial. Tashkent: AGOS. 2002.231 s.
• Krivoruchenko V.K. Juvenile justice: to the current legal and pedagogical discussion // Information humanitarian portal “ Knowledge. Understanding. Skill . " - 2012. - No. 6 (November - December) ( archived in WebCite ) .
• Melnikova E. B. Juvenile Justice: Problems of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminology. M., 2000.
• Sadovnikova M. N. Some Aspects of the Resocialization of Minors in Foreign Countries // Siberian Law Journal, No. 2 (45), 2009.
• Summoned S. They have forms - Expert No. 50 (639) / Dec 22, 2008 - on some aspects of law enforcement practice in Germany

• Parents ganged up on juvenile justice
• UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) // Memorial
• UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Riyadh Guidelines) // Memorial