Nakhangova, Mamlakat Akberdyevna

Childhood

She was born in 1924 in the village of Shahmansur near the city of Dushanbe . Mamlakat’s childhood was spent in the wagon room of the Lahuti collective farm, in which she lived in the Kurban-Bibi Nakhangova family ^[3] . Her family had 11 children (except Mamlakat - the younger sister of Ogul-Bibi, the eldest - Nazakat, the younger brother and others), only two survived - Mamlakat and her sister Nazakat ^[4] . Mamlakat is translated from Tajik as “country”.

From childhood, Mamlakat was able to ride a horse ^[3] . Sometimes Kurban-Bibi Nakhangova took her children to the field, and Mamlakat helped her mother sort the cotton.

Father died early when the girls had not yet gone to school. The school was in an old mosque, there was the reign of the collective farm. ^[four]

Children helped their mother pick cotton . In 1934 she was admitted to pioneer . Mamlakat participated in the collection of cotton on the farm to them. Lahuti of the Shahmansur village council of the Stalinabad district of the Tajik SSR . According to Mamlakat, she began to pick cotton with two hands, bringing 70-80 kilograms per day. Since usually an adult collected 15 kilograms at a rate of 13 kg ^[4] , Mamlakat was not trusted for a long time. She later said: “Adults to the clerk:“ You are deceiving us, the girl you write so much. ” They followed me on the heels, did not believe, the old men grumbled: “There is unclean power in her” ” ^[5] . At one of the rallies on the collective farm, Mamlakat found out that a miner from Donbass Alexey Stakhanov mined one hundred and two tons of coal per shift. Speaking at the request of the collective farm chairman, Mamlakat said she would also collect one hundred and two kilograms of cotton.

The girl was persecuted by some collective farm residents who beat her, threatening: “Don’t dare to exceed the output anymore, don’t obey - we will kill! ...” ^[4]

Meeting with Stalin

In December 1935, among the advanced collective farmers of the southern republics of the USSR, Mamlakat visited Moscow, where a meeting with Stalin took place. In the Kremlin, she was awarded the highest Soviet state award - the Order of Lenin "for labor heroism and success in raising the yield of cotton" ^[6] , having received it from the hands of the Chairman of the All-Russian CEC M. I. Kalinin ^[7] . Mamlakat knew only a few words in Russian, her speech was translated by brother-in-law Anastas Mikoyan , who studied Tajik. Stalin gave Mamlakat a photo card where it was shot among members of the Politburo (Stalin, Molotov , Andreev ) in Tajik gowns. On the back of the card, Stalin left the inscription: “To comrade Mamlakat Nakhangova from I. Stalin for good study and work, 4.XII.1935” ^[8] . Mamlakat presented Stalin with a book ^[9] . In 1936, Mamlakat received a ticket to the Artek pioneer camp to replace the pioneers of the Order Carriers, where she rested in the same squad with the young actress Gulia Koroleva ^[10] .

From a letter from Guli Koroleva to her father from Artek, 1936:

We also have Mamlakat Nakhangova. Yes, the one who learned to pick cotton in Tajikistan with both hands and surpassed all adults! Mamlakat is sleeping next to me, we are in the same unit with her, although she is younger than me. Today I saw the Order of Lenin, which Mamlakat was awarded in the Kremlin ... I am sending my photo. I starred on it with Mamlakat and Barasby ^[11] .

Adulthood

A few years before the war, after she received the order, she was invited to visit Leningrad, where she visited Smolny, in the Winter Palace, on the Field of Mars. At the Palace of Pioneers, she was presented with the ball of her choice.

With the outbreak of World War II, he turned to the local military registration and enlistment office to go to the front as a volunteer, but she was refused. In 1942, he participated in the collection of toys and other things for the children of the besieged Leningrad and ended up in the delegation, which went to help Leningrad. In Leningrad, she separated from the delegation and asked to be included in the warship, but the captain demanded that she return to the delegation. A student took care of the wounded in hospitals. She spoke at a conference of peace supporters in London. In Dushanbe school number 7, Mamlakat was elected an honorary pioneer. ^[12] .

At the II All-Union rally of pioneers in 1962 in the pioneer camp "Artek" Nakhangova said: "Artek will forever remain in my heart, in my memory as a place of unforgettable meetings with children of different nationalities. I first heard Ukrainian songs here. I first saw here how Georgian pioneers danced famously lezginka. On that first visit to Artek I seemed to have made a fabulous journey across our country ... ” ^[13]

Later, Mamlakat Nakhangova visited Moscow several times, in July 1972, at a meeting with the heroes of the first five-year plans, she personally met Stakhanov . In the same year, she was among the honored guests of the V All-Union Pioneer rally in Artek . The writer Felix Chuev in his book cited an episode when Mamlakat Nakhangova in 1982, together with him and Yevgeny Dzhugashvili met with Molotov . According to her, in December 1935, Stalin's son Yakov Dzhugashvili dipped her pigtail in the inkwell and asked her father not to tell about it ^[9] .

She participated in the second and fifth pioneer rallies in Artek.

She studied at the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute named after T. G. Shevchenko ^[14] . After his graduation (1952), she taught English for many years in Dushanbe. Until 1990, she worked as an assistant professor at the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute , taught English ^[15] , and was a member of the Republican Committee on Foreign Relations ^[5] . She defended herself with the title of Candidate of Philological Sciences on the topic “The pronoun in the modern Tajik language ( Dushanbe , 1971). She was awarded the distinction“ Excellence in Public Education of the Tajik SSR ”

In 1970-1977 she was the head of the Department of Foreign Languages ​​at the Medical Institute in Dushanbe. ^[sixteen]

Since 1990, retired.

Her husband is the chief of the frontier post Rajab, daughter of Roxanne and son Alisher ^[17] . One of the granddaughters is called Mehrdot.

She died in 2003 ^[18] .

In the ABC Book, a poem was printed on the title page:

“Tajiks have resounding names
Mamlakat means a country. ” ^[nineteen]

After the shooting of Father Geli Markizova , a situation arose which was unacceptable from the point of view of further using the image of Gel for propaganda purposes - it turned out that in the sculptures of Lavrov glorifying a happy childhood in the USSR, the leader hugs the daughter of the “ enemy of the people ” ^[20] . Propaganda bodies decided that the inscriptions “Stalin and Gel” on the pedestals of the sculptures of G. Lavrov should be smashed to “Stalin and Mamlakat” ^[20] . The girl was also called by the same name on the posters with the image of Geli ^[21] . Pioneer - participant of the Stakhanov movement Mamlakat Nakhangova in 1935 was awarded the Order of Lenin ; her photograph with Stalin was widely known in the USSR during a meeting in December 1935 among the foremost collective farmers in the southern republics of the USSR. According to Alai, “The widow of Lavrov said that Mamlakat was even brought to the workshop with her husband” ^[20] . As the daughter of Engelsina Cheshkova L.E. Komarova noted: “Both the mother and Mamlakat had a Mongolian eye section. And the fact that Mamlakat was already 13 years old by this time is also not a problem. We can say that with Stalin Nakhangov was photographed in early childhood ” ^[20] . As stated in an article by A. Gnedinskaya, who spoke with A. I. Alay, after an interview with Alay, Engelsina Sergeyevna called Mamlakat Nakhangova, “in order to put all the dots on“ i “. But the conversation did not work . ” Mamlakat Akberdyevna did not want to communicate ^[20] .

The sculptural group "Stalin and Mamlakat" was created (1938, Ingal, Vladimir Iosifovich and Bogolyubov, Pavilion "Tajik SSR")

Mamlakat Nakhangova became the heroine of Mirzo Tursunzade’s first poem “The Country’s Sun” ^[22] .

German researcher, researcher at the Max Planck Institute ( Berlin , Germany ) Jan Plumper writes: “Before the Second World War, images of Stalin with little girls of non-Russian origin, such as Gel Markizova from Buryat-Mongolia or Mamlakat Nakhangov from Tajikistan, were widely used <... > ". <...> Few have so successfully strengthened the image of Stalin the father, exploited in the framework of the "myth of a great family" of the Soviet peoples, as minor girls of non-Russian nationality, since it was them who were separated from the "father" by the maximum distance: belonging to the "weaker sex" and being from the "backward" republics, they were the ideal antipodes of Stalin " ^[23] .

Philologist Abel Ilya Viktorovich writes about the sculpture "Young stakhanovka of cotton fields Mamlakat Nakhangova": "sculptured by M. D. Ryndzyunskaya so that you perceive her as an ancient goddess . " ^[24] . The sculpture by M. D. Ryndziunskaya (1877-1946) “Young stakhanovka of the cotton fields of Mamlakat Nakhangov” (1940, granite, height 225) is an example of the iconographic type “the best people of the country”. ^[25]

• Soviet heroes: how did the fate of the Tajik pioneer Mamlakat Nakhangova
• Photo by RIAN
• Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents
• Cotton growers
• MAMLAKAT (Mamlakat Nakhangova 1934)