Poselog is the auxiliary part of speech , expressing the syntactic relations between the noun , pronoun , numeral and words of other parts of speech, as well as between nouns. It differs from a preposition by its position regarding the word to which it refers: if prepositions appear before this word, then postpositions are put after it.
Postpositions are characteristic of Japanese and Chinese ( Chinese 桌子上 zhuōzi shàngletters. “Table on”, that is, “on the table”), Turkic and Finno-Ugric languages . They are also in some Indo-European languages :
- in armenian
- in Latvian : dēļ “for” and labad “for”
- in gypsy
- in Ossetian
- in hindi .
- in Lezgi.
They are also in some Semitic languages :
- in Amharic .
Postpositions in Russian
The postposition of the postposition in relation to the name group can be absolute (that is, after the whole name group) and relative - inside the name group, but after its top.
In the Russian language, some prepositions can act as postpositions, such as, for example, in a phrase, not for self-interest, but for pleasure . Words may also be used contrary to, towards, contrary to, after a while and later ( several hours later , contrary to one ’s own interests ). However, there are no pretexts used only in postposition in the Russian language. As an example of a relative postposition, we can cite examples: a promise contrary to one’s victory for the sake of the enemy , about three o’clock , and twenty kilometers . Close to the postpositions, but they do not include combinations like many years ago, a floor lower, a month ahead, but in them this corresponding word is usually classified as an adverb, not a postposition
Postpositions in Georgian
In the Georgian language, postpositions are used everywhere, due to the lack of practice of using prepositions. Most postpositions are written together with the last word in the noun phrase.
Some postpositions of the Georgian language and examples of their application:
- -ში [-shi] - "in":
- სახლ ში [sakhl shi ] "in the house", where სახლი [sakhli] "house",
- ქალაქ ში [kalak shi ] “in the city”, where ქალაქი [kalaki] “city”,
- მანქანა ში [mankana shi ] “in the car”, where მანქანა [mankana] “car”.
- -ზე [-ze] - similar to Russian “on”, however, it can also be used in another context.
- ქუჩა ზე [kucha ze ) “on the street”, where ქუჩა [kucha] “street”,
- მანქანა ზე [mankana ze ] “by car”, where მანქანა [mankana] “by car”,
- ენა ზე [ena ze ] “in the language”, where ენა [ena] “language”.
- -თან [-tan] - similar to Russian “k”, “y”, “s”:
- ჩემ თან [chemtan] “to me, with me”, where ჩემ [chem] - a form of personal pronoun “I” in the genitive case,
- მეგობარ თან [megobartan] "with a friend, to a friend", where მეგობარი [megobari] "friend",
- კოსტიას თან [kostiastan] "from Bones, to Costa."
- -დან [-dan] - “from”, “from”, “s”.
- -მდე [-mde] - "do".
- -ვით [-vit] - as if.
- -გან [-gan] - “from”, “from”.
- -კენ [-ken] - "to the side."
- -თვის [-tvis] - "for".