Atomic technological maintenance vessels ( ATOs ) are a class of specialized ships and watercraft for ensuring radiation and nuclear safety during the operation and disposal of surface and submarine ships with nuclear power plants ( NPPs ).
The operation of ships with nuclear power plants includes the need for a sufficient measure of safe removal, transportation and further disposal of various radiation materials: spent nuclear fuel ( SNF ), solid (SRW) and liquid ( LRW ) radiation waste .
To solve various problems associated with ensuring the operation of ships with nuclear power plants, in addition to ground (coastal) complexes, ATO vessels are also used, which are divided into the following subclasses:
- Floating technical bases (PTB) - designed to perform the unloading, storage and transfer of spent and fresh nuclear fuel, as well as all types of radioactive waste (SNF, SRW, LRW).
- Technical tankers, sea and (or) river cargo ship , are designed for the reception, storage, transportation of bulk cargoes , their processing by temporary installations placed on deck, the issue or disposal of liquid radioactive waste at sea.
- Technical transports - are intended for reception, storage, processing and delivery of liquid and solid radioactive waste.
- Floating tanks (ПУ) - are intended for transportation of small volumes of LRW.
- Floating control and dosimetric stations - designed to monitor and control the radiation situation, as well as the transport of solid and liquid radioactive waste.
Since most ships with nuclear power plants are military, ATO ships are usually part of the Navy .
Naval ATO ships
| Title | Project | Ship designation | Total displacement (in tons) | Length (meters) | Fleet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM-74 | pr 2020 | Floating technical base | 13100 | 138.5 | Pacific |
| PM-63 | pr 2020 | Floating technical base | 13100 | 138.5 | Northern |
| PM-12 | pr 2020 | Floating technical base | 13100 | 138.5 | Northern |
| Pineega | Project 11510 | Technical transport | 8400 | 123.3 | Pacific |
| Amur | Project 11510 | Technical transport | 8400 | 123.3 | Northern |
| PKDS-14 | Project 1797C | Floating monitoring and dosimetry station | 2600 | 96 | Northern |
| PKDS-60 | Project 1797C | Floating monitoring and dosimetry station | 2600 | 96 | Pacific |
| TNT-12 | Project 1783A | Technical tanker | 2300 | 74 | Northern |
| PE-171 | Floating vessel for liquid radiation waste | 133 | 25,4 | Pacific |
Literature
- V. A. Anitropov, N. I. Alexandrov and others. In the shadow of a nuclear fleet. Problems of the disposal of nuclear-powered service vessels. “Life and Security”, 2001, No. 1-2, p. 491.
- V. A. Anitropov, N. I. Alexandrov, A. Ya. Rozinov. Design differences of ATO vessels and organizational and technological schemes for their disposal. “Issues of dismantlement of nuclear submarines” Bulletin, 2005, No. 2 (6), p. 32.
See also
- " Lepse "
- Ships and supply vessels of the Navy of Russia and the USSR