Daffodil safflower [2] , American saffron , wild saffron , dyeing thistle ( lat. Cárthamus tinctórius [3] ) - an annual plant ; a species of the genus Safflower of the family Asteraceae, or Compositae . Ancient oilseed and dyeing culture (in ancient Egypt used to stain dressings for mummification ) [4] .
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Carthamus tinctorius L. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Botanical Description
Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz , 1885.
An annual , rarely biennial plant 0.4-1.5 m high.
The stem is straight, branched, with a whitish gloss.
The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, alternate, large, whole-marginal, almost sessile, prickly along the edge.
The flowers are tubular, five-parted, red, yellow or orange. Inflorescence is a basket .
The fruit is a white, naked, shiny achene , oval-tetrahedral in shape with slightly protruding ribs on the sides.
Chemical Composition
In the flowers, chalconic glycosides were found: cartamine , isocartamine , cartamidin-5-glycoside, luteolin 7-glycoside.
Safflower seeds contain up to 60% [5] (according to other sources, 25–37% [4] ) of semi-drying fatty oil.
Distribution
It is found both in the wild - weed - and is specially cultivated.
It grows and is cultivated in Egypt, Spain, China, USA, South America, Africa. On the former territory of the USSR, it grows in the Caucasus, Turkmenistan , in some places of the Kursk, Kharkov, Poltava, Kherson regions and in the Crimea.
Application
Reed flowers of safflower dyeing are used to produce harmless dyes of yellow, red and saffron colors, including in the food industry, for example, for the production of caramel.
Safflower petals contain two main different coloring pigments - yellow and red. The yellow pigment - safflorgel - is considered less valuable and is often removed by washing the petal mass with water. The red substance of safflower - kartamin - is hardly soluble in water. In the ether, cartamine does not dissolve at all, but it is easily soluble in alcohol and alkalis (in ammonia). In addition to them, contains a number of other pigments of the same colors.
Safflower dyeing is used as an oilseed; oil is used in the production of margarine .
Safflower flowers are used as components of flower teas.
In medicine - it is used as a laxative, diuretic, choleretic.
In cosmetology
Of the products of safflower dyeing in cosmetology, safflower oil is especially appreciated. It is saturated with linoleic acid (about 80%), which is not synthesized in the body. Linoleic acid gives elasticity to blood vessels, regulates important processes of the body, has a moisturizing effect, high penetrating ability.
Dye safflower oil has a softening, strengthening and nourishing effect on the skin, normalizes cellular functions, improves blood circulation, has anti-inflammatory effects, high water-holding and moisture-regulating ability.
In addition, safflower oil dye serves as an active conductor of other components of cosmetics in the deeper layers of the skin.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Russian name of the taxon - according to the following edition:
- Schroeter A.I. , Panasyuk V.A. Dictionary of Plant Names = Dictionary of Plant Names / Int. union biol. Sciences, Nat. Biologists of Russia, Vseros. instit lek. and aromatic. plants Ros. agricultural farm. academies; Ed. prof. V.A. Bykova. - Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 1999 .-- S. 156. - 1033 p. - ISBN 3-87429-398-X .
- ↑ Carthamus tinctorius in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
- ↑ 1 2 Blinova K. F. et al. Botanical-Pharmacognostic Dictionary: Ref. allowance / Ed. K.F. Blinova, G.P. Yakovleva. - M .: Higher. school, 1990. - S. 234-235. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
- ↑ Medicinal properties of agricultural plants / Ed. M.I. Borisova. - Minsk: Urajay, 1974. - S. 179. - 336 p.