The history of postal and postage stamps of the Papal Region has two periods - home-made (until January 1, 1852 , including the French occupation ) and the period of issue and circulation of own postage stamps in the territory of the Papal Region (from January 1, 1852 to September 20, 1870).
  Papal State † | |
|---|---|
| ital. Stati della Chiesa, Stato Pontificio lat Status pontificius | |
 First Brand of the Papal Region , 1852 ( Mi # 1) | |
| Mail History | |
| Mail exists | since the eighth century |
| Stages of History | homemade period (until 1852); issues of stamps of the Papal region (1852-1870) |
| Money system | |
| until June 18, 1866 | 1 scudo = 100 bayoko |
| from June 18, 1866 | 1 lira = 100 centesimo |
| Software in occupation zones | France (1809-1814, regular mail ); Austria (1849-1853, field mail ) |
| First postage stamps | |
| Standard | January 1, 1852 |
| Philately | |
| Latest issue | March 15, 1868 |
| Total released | 25 postage stamps [1] |
Domaroc period
Papal State
The history of mail in the territory of the Papal State is traced from distant times. Delivery of messages from popes and their own mail service existed since the formation of this state in the VIII century.
The papacy has always had the means of exchanging information between the Holy See and the Catholic communities , which was carried out with the help of special messengers and monastery couriers . Using these means of communication, the Vatican sent various documents and messages throughout Europe , including brevs , bullae , apostolic constitutions , encyclicals , permits, motu proprio , rescripts , etc.
French occupation
At the beginning of the 19th century, the territory of the Papal Region was occupied by France and divided into 130 administrative (and, accordingly, postal) departments . From 1809 to 1814, each department used numbered [3] . For example, the settlements in the department of the Tiber (or Rome ) corresponded with stamps starting at number 116 . After the Vienna Congress of 1815, the Papal State was regained its independence and an independent postal service was restored in it.
Stamp Issues
Postage stamps of the Papal Region, or Italy. "Bolli franchi" ("franco-stamps"), as they were called at that time, were put into circulation by decree of Cardinal Giacomo Antonelli of November 29, 1851 and the subsequent decree of the Ministry of Finance of December 19, 1851 "Regulation on the use of postage stamps on mail correspondence ”( “ Regolamento per l'applicazione dei bolli franchi alla corrispondenza postale ” ).
The first stamps of the Papal state came out on January 1, 1852. The series consisted of eight toothless miniatures in denominations of ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 baiko ( “BAJ” - abbreviation for “ bajocco ”) depicting the papal coat of arms - the crossed keys of St. Peter and the papal tiara [4] in various versions - and the inscription "FRANCO BOLLO POSTALE" ("Postal Franco Stamp"). The name of the state was not indicated. Stamps were printed in black ink on colored paper of manual production in different colors. The stamp circulation reached 8 million copies. In July, the series was supplemented by two miniatures in denominations of 50 bayoko and 1 scudo ( “SCUDO” ), and in October a mark in 8 bayoko, which were printed on white paper [5] .
The circulation of 1854 was made by an oily seal to prevent falsification [5] . In 1860 - 1867, these same brands appeared on machine-made paper. They were in circulation until September 21, 1867 , when they were withdrawn in connection with a change in currency [5] .
On September 21, 1867, stamps with denominations in the new currency were put into circulation. The series consisted of seven toothless stamps with face values of 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 centesimo ( “CENT” - short for “ centesimo ”), printed on glossy colored paper. March 12, 1868, these same brands were issued with teeth and with some variations in shades of used paper [5] .
The Papal Region Postal Service officially authorized the use of cut high-value stamps as stamps of small denominations. The letters are known half, third, two-thirds and a quarter of the stamp [5] .
The issuance of postage signs for the Papal region was discontinued after the capture of Rome on September 20, 1870 and the region became part of Italy . Stamps of the Papal state were in circulation until the end of December 1870. There are mixed francings with brands of Italy . Subsequently, Italian postage signs were used in the former territory of the Papal Region [5] .
According to data from the work of L. L. Lepeshinsky (1967) [1] , a total of 25 stamps were issued from 1852 to 1870 (excluding varieties ).
Transitional period
During the transition period, in the unification of Italian states , in some post offices of central Italy , characteristic postmarks of the Papal Region were used - in the form of a rhombus with internal parallel lines.
Remodelers
Four private remodels of the series 1867 - 1868 are known [5] :
- Effort
- Moens
- Jelly and Tanya,
- David Cohn.
They differ from the originals in shades, blurry printing and larger perforations [5] .
Austrian occupation
During the Austrian occupation of 1849 - 1853, papal stamps were used by Austrian field mail . There are stamps canceled with stamps with the inscription it. “Feldpost” (“Field Mail”) and numbers 1 and 31 . Known counterfeits made in Bologna by the lithographic method and used in this and other cities [5] .
See also
- Breve (message)
- Bulla
- Mail History
- History of the Vatican Post and Postage Stamps
- History of Italy Post and Postage Stamps
- Papal region
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Italy. An explanation of Scheme I on page 62. 11. Church area // Philatelic geography (foreign countries): Reference book / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Communication, 1967. - S. 67. - 480 p. (Retrieved December 18, 2010)
- ↑ Fragment of a map of the unification of Italy (1815-1870) from the book: Shepherd W. Historical Atlas. - New York, NY, USA: Henry Holt and Company, 1911. (English)
- ↑ de Beaufond EH Les marques postales des départements conquis. - Paris: Les éditions EH de Beaufond, 1957. (French)
- ↑ 1 2 See also the article Papal Regalia and Insignia .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Vatican City (Vatican City State) // Philatelic geography. European foreign countries / N. I. Vladinets. - M .: Radio and communications, 1981. - 160 p. (Retrieved December 18, 2010)
Literature
- Papal Region // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas, P. F. Mazur, I. N. Merkulov, I. A. Morosanov, Yu. K. Myakota, S. A. Panasyan, Yu. M. Rudnikov, M. B. Slutsky, V. A. Jacobs; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988 .-- 320 p. - 40,000 copies. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 .
- Petrograd. On the stamps of the church region // Soviet philatelist . - 1923. - No. 9-10.
- Wellsted R., Rossiter S. , Fowler J. The Stamp Atlas. - New York: Facts on File Publications, 1986.- 336 p. - ISBN 0-8160-1346-2 . (eng.)
Links
- Roman State Antichi Stati Italiani . Date of treatment March 10, 2009. Archived March 27, 2012.
- Rossiter S. , Fowler J., Wellsted R. Italy before and after unification . Stamp Collecting Resources: Stamp Atlas . Knutsford , UK : Sandafayre Stamp Auctions; Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. - Italy before and after unification. Date of treatment October 22, 2017. Archived on September 5, 2017.
- Papal States - All . All World Stamps . Stanley Gibbons Limited . - Papal stamps in the Stanley Gibbons online catalog . Date of treatment October 4, 2010. Archived March 27, 2012.
- Papal States. Encyclopaedia of Postal History . Stampsite: The Encyclopaedia of Postal Authorities . - Information about the brands of the Papal region in the database "Encyclopedia of the history of mail. Encyclopedia of Post Offices. " Date of treatment October 4, 2010. Archived on August 14, 2007.
- Italy and Vatican Postal History Resources . Country and Topical Resources . Worldwide postal history website - Postalhistory.org. - Links to Internet resources and literature on the history of mail and stamps of Italy and the Vatican on the website Postalhistory.org (Australia). Date of treatment February 2, 2010. Archived March 27, 2012.