Tubular heater

The device of the tubular electric heater (TEN)

Tubular electric heater ( TEN ) is an electric heating device in the form of a metal tube filled with a heat-conducting electrical insulator . A conductive thread (usually nichrome or fechral ) of a certain resistance passes exactly in the center of the insulator to transfer the necessary specific power to the surface of the heater.

It is used in many household and industrial electrical appliances: kettles, boilers, washing machines, water heaters and boilers , etc.

TEN was invented and patented on September 20, 1859 by George B. Simpson in Washington, DC ^[1] .

Content

Types of heating elements

Double-end electric heater in the form of a spiral. Power control by a rheostatic switch or cyclic on-off time

A single-end electric heater in the form of a spiral with three heating threads of different resistance connected at the blind end of the electric heater. Power control by combining the current supply to the terminals with a switch (1 ^~ 2 ⁰ ; 1 ^~ 3 ⁰ ; 2 ^~ 3 ⁰ ; 1 ^~ 2 ^~ 3 ⁰ )

Tubular electric heaters can have different diameters in the range from 6 to 24 mm. Depending on the specific application (heating liquid or air), in the production of electric heating elements, electric insulators ( dielectrics ) of various quality are used, which must maintain their dielectric properties at low, high and extremely high temperatures.

According to the configuration, the heating elements are divided into double-end (when the contact leads are located on both sides) and single-end (“cartridge”) with contact leads located on one side of the heater. In electric boilers, as a rule, there are blocks of heating elements, or, as they are also called, "TENB".

TEN electric grill
Upper and lower electric ovens
Spirally curved double-end electric heating hobs
TEN of a household electric boiler
TEN electric kettle covered with scale
TEN and the temperature sensor of the water heater of the washing machine
Heated to light red color TEN electric skewer

Notes

↑ US Patent No. 25,532 of September 20, 1859. Electrical heating apparatus . Description of the patent on the website of the United States Patent and Trademark Office .

Literature

GOST 19108-73 "Tubular electric heaters (TEN) for household electrical appliances."
GOST 19108-81. “Tubular electric heaters (TEN) for household heating electrical appliances. General specifications. " At hand. V. M. Fomina (Ministry of the Electrotechnical Industry of the USSR). Approved by the State Standard of the USSR. M .: Publishing house of standards, 1990.
GOST 13268-83. “Tubular electric heaters (TEN). General specifications. " The Ministry of Electrical Engineering of the USSR. Approved by the State Standard of the USSR. M .: Publishing house of standards, 1984.
GOST 13268-88. “Tubular electric heaters. General specifications. " Designed by: Ministry of Electrical Engineering of the USSR. Approved by the State Standard of the USSR. M .: Publishing house of standards, 1988.

Links

[1] US Patent No. 25,532 of September 20, 1859. Electrical heating apparatus . Description of the patent on the website of the United States Patent and Trademark Office .