The speed train is a train that travels at a speed exceeding the average speed of a railway communication on these railways. In Russia, high-speed trains are considered to run at speeds of 140 km / h and higher. Trains running at speeds of 200 km / h and above are referred to as high-speed ones .
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Japan
The regular movement of high-speed trains began for the first time in 1964 in Japan .
France
The regular movement of high-speed trains began in France in 1981 (and in Europe, the western part of which is now united by a single high-speed railway network Eurostar and Thalys ).
Spain
Italy
China
At the beginning of the XXI century, China became the world leader in the network of high-speed lines, as well as the operator of the first regular high-speed maglev.
Korea
Ukraine
In 2012 , the state enterprise for the operation and maintenance of high-speed trains " Ukrainian Railway Speed Company " was founded. The movement of high-speed trains HRCS2 in Ukraine was launched on May 27, 2012, by the beginning of Euro 2012 . By September, the trains transported more than 240 thousand passengers. The average train speed is 140 km / h, and the maximum speed is up to 160 km / h [1] . Since 2014, Ukrainian-made EKR1 “Tarpan” trains also run on high-speed lines.
Speed Report in Russia
In the early 1960s, the preparatory work on organizing the movement of day-time locomotive high-speed express trains on the Moscow - Leningrad line was completed on the Oktyabrskaya Railway : heavier rails were laid, switches were replaced with reinforced ones, and automatic blocking was applied. In 1962, the ChS2 high-speed electric locomotives began to arrive in the USSR with a clock power on the shafts of a TED of 4,200 kW. In December of the same year, the Moscow-Leningrad highway was electrified throughout its length, and on December 15, the first train arrived from Leningrad to Moscow, which went all the way on electric propulsion.
June 25, 1963 began regular flights of high-speed train number 5/6 " Aurora " with a maximum speed of 160 km / h. The total travel time from Moscow to Leningrad was 5 hours 55 minutes, back - 5 hours 27 minutes. Traction trains provided electric CHS2 various modifications, in the late 1970s, they were replaced by electric locomotives CHS-200 . Train "Aurora" went until 2010 . Since 2001, a similar high-speed locomotive train Nevsky Express has been operating on the same route.
As one of the alternative possibilities of high-speed rail traffic and for testing high speeds on railway tracks, in the 1970s, a prototype car of a jet train without motorized traction of wheel pairs was tested.
At the end of 1973, the first Soviet high-speed electric wagon train , the ER200, was manufactured at the Riga Carriage Works . Since 1976, a new electric train made experimental trips on the highway, and on November 16, 1979, its first flight with passengers took place. Regular operation of the ER200 electric train began only on March 1, 1984 , when the train was already morally obsolete and lagged far behind its foreign counterparts. Started by planning since the late 1960s, the network of high-speed and high-speed lines in the USSR was not implemented.
After nearly a decade of development, by 2000 the first Russian high-speed electric train Sokol-250 was manufactured. After passing the tests until 2002, the project of bringing it to commissioning was canceled with reference to identified technical shortcomings and for political and economic reasons, and later for use on Russian trunk high-speed lines, Russian Railways began to focus on acquiring (and local assembly) of foreign high-speed rolling stock, and for the organization of high-speed commuter and suburban-urban traffic and aeroexpress trains - on Russian electric trains ED4 , EM2 and also on foreign such as "Swallow" and others.
The movement of high-speed trains Sapsan (Siemens Velaro RUS) began from Moscow to St. Petersburg from the end of 2009 , and to Nizhny Novgorod - from the end of 2010 . Also, since the end of 2010, the high-speed train “Allegro” took the route St. Petersburg - Helsinki .
In March 2010, the Russian government paid special attention to the creation of a national high-speed rail network in the likeness of large-scale networks implemented in Japan, Europe, and China. A presidential decree was issued on measures to organize the movement of high-speed rail transport, in which the government was entrusted with developing this project and identifying sources of funding. [2]
In March 2011, the Railways Directorate Directorate concluded that high-speed rail service in Russia is a promising direction. Since the beginning of work, high-speed trains transported two and a half million people, which indicates the stability of demand. [3] Russian railways plan to buy high-speed trains from the Spanish company Patentes Talgo in the amount of seven trains. [four]
In April 2011 , the head of the Russian Railways, Vladimir Yakunin, said that high-speed Sapsan trains would not be made in Russia. They were replaced by the project of the Russian localization of the production of Desiro trains by Siemens , which in Russia were called the “Swallow”. [five]
In 2013, Russian Railways plan to launch a high-speed Moscow - Berlin train. The project will involve Spanish Talgo trains with a system for automatically changing the width of wheel sets. According to forecasts of the senior vice-president of Russian Railways, Valentin Gapanovich, travel time will be 16.5 hours. [6]
According to the plans of the Russian Railways, in 2018, a new high-speed railway line VZhM-1 will operate between Moscow and St. Petersburg, allowing the train to reach speeds of up to 400 kilometers per hour. Based on the calculations, conclusions have already been made about the travel time between the two capitals - 2.5 hours [7]
See also
- High-speed ground transportation
- National High-Speed Traffic System
- Aeroexpress
Literature
- Ed. Boravskaya E.N., Shapilov E.D. High-speed and high-speed rail transport / Kovalev I. P .. - St. Petersburg: GIIPP "Art of Russia", 2001. - T. 1. - 2 000 copies. - ISBN 5-93518-012-X .
Notes
- ↑ In 100 days, Hyundai transported more than 240 thousand passengers, and soon we are waiting for 4 more trains
- ↑ For high-speed trains will create special ways
- ↑ High-speed trains - a promising direction
- ↑ New high-speed trains will be purchased in Spain
- ↑ Sapsan train production will not be transferred to Russia
- ↑ High-speed train Moscow - Berlin will travel 16.5 hours
- ↑ High-speed train Moscow - Petersburg will go half an hour