Encyclopedic lexicon ( Encyclopedic lexicon ), also named after the publisher Lexicon Plyushara - Russian universal encyclopedia. It was published in St. Petersburg in 1834-1841. It covered only part of the alphabet from "A" to "D". The publication went down in history as the first universal encyclopedia in Russian [1] .
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Content
Value
As the first Russian encyclopedia with a significant number of original articles by Russian authors, the Encyclopedic Lexicon influenced subsequent pre-revolutionary publications, primarily the completed Military Encyclopedic Lexicon , a number of articles of which were a reduction in the articles of the Encyclopedic Lexicon.
The largest scientists and writers were involved in compiling the Encyclopedic Lexicon, including academician of medicine G.P. Bongard , military historian N.S. Golitsyn , orientalist academician J.I. Schmidt , professor of general history I.P. Shulgin , philologist academician D. I. Languages , playwright A. I. Bulgakov [2] and other prominent scholars of the era. [3]
History
In April 1834, the famous St. Petersburg book publisher A. A. Plyushar proposed to N. I. Grech to start publishing the Lexicon on the model of Brockhaus Conversations-Lexicon and become its editor-in-chief. The original group of authors amounted to more than 100 people: members of five academies, professors, writers, artists, etc. There was an attempt to attract A. Pushkin to the publication of the Lexicon: he attended one meeting of the authors, after which he made a well-known diary entry:
“Yesterday there was a literary meeting with Grech on the publication of the Russian Conversations Lexikon. There were a hundred of us, for the most part unknown to me Russian great people ... I spied a lot of quackery and very little use. The company is a million, but I see no benefits. Not to mention honor. The desire to climb into the pool, where they rinse Bulgarin , Field, Svinin ... "
The first four volumes were published during 1835. There were more than 6,000 subscribers. In 1836, two more volumes came out, but later on due dates, because the employees did not deliver the articles on time, stretched them (for example, arithmetic took fifty pages of small print), gave out translated articles as their own works [4] . The lexicon gradually lost in quality of content and in the number of subscribers. Many scientists have ceased their assistance.
From the eighth volume (1837), the chief editor of the publication was the former assistant to N. I. Grech, A. F. Shenin .
In September 1838, the XIV volume was published, edited by O. I. Senkovsky , who distributed the articles of the German Conversations-Lexicon to the people he had recruited and ordered them to be translated; The publication was compiled without diligence and filled with errors.
Then, D. I. Languages collected XV and XVI volumes. It is known that several articles for volume XV were written by Mikhail Longinov . Meanwhile, Plyushar went bankrupt, and the publication stopped.
By 1841, only 17 volumes were out of the intended 40. Volume XVII edition (Dio-Dyat) was the last. He came out under the supervision of a commission established on the ruin of the publishing house Plyushara.
Volume Composition
- A — ALM (1835)
- ALM — ARA (1835)
- ARA — AFO (1835)
- B-BAR (1835)
- BAR — BIN (1836)
- BIN — BRA (1836)
- BRA — BYAL (1836)
- B-VAR (1837)
- WAR-WEIGHT (1837)
- WEIGHT — VKU (1837)
- VLA — VON (1838)
- SBI — VYACH (1838)
- G-HEM (1838)
- GEM — MOUNTAIN (1838)
- GOR — DASH (1838)
- TWO — DION (1839)
- DIO — DYAT (1841)
Notes
- ↑ Plushar, Adolf // Peru - Semi-trailer. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2014. - P. 462. - ( Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 26). - ISBN 978-5-85270-363-7 .
- ↑ Bulgakov, Alexander Ivanovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ Shpakovskaya I. A. Influence of the “Encyclopedic Lexicon” by Adolf Plyushar on subsequent encyclopedic publications. // Philosophical age. Almanac. Vol. 27. Encyclopedia as a form of universal knowledge: from the Enlightenment to the Internet age / Otv. ed. T.V. Artemyeva , M.I. Mikeshin . - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Center for the History of Ideas, 2004. - S. 131. - 421 p.
- ↑ B. Samorodov . Petersburg book publishers Plyushary. Archived December 17, 2005 on Wayback Machine // News from the Past. 06/15/2004. (From the collection "Outstanding Personalities of Domestic Printing"). According to the materials of the magazine "Polygraphist and Publisher" - RuPrint.Ru
Links
- Anderson V. L. The Plyushar family - printing houses (inaccessible link) , Russian Bibliophile , 1911, No. 1.
- Longinov M. N. Regarding the article by Grech about Plyushar and the Encyclopedic Lexicon // Russian Archive , 1870. - Ed. 2nd. - M., 1871. - St. 1940-1942.