Jean Moulin ( fr. Jean Moulin , June 20, 1899 , Beziers - July 8, 1943 , Metz ) - French politician, hero of the resistance movement of the Second World War .
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| Jean moulin | ||||||||||
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| Occupation | politician , illustrator , underground | |||||||||
| Father | Antoine-Emile Moulin | |||||||||
| Spouse | Margarita (1926-1928) | |||||||||
| Children | no | |||||||||
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 ranks
- 3 Awards
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Biography
Jean Moulin was born on June 20, 1899 in the city of Beziers in the family of the French politician Antoine-Émile Moulin , Was baptized in Catholicism .
In 1917 he entered the Montpellier Law Institute. From April 17, 1918 to November 4, 1919 he served in the engineering forces in Albertville and Aveyron ( he did not take part in the battles of the First World War ), after which he reinstated at the institute and received a law degree in 1921.
In the years 1925-1930 he held the post of superefect Albertville . In 1926 he married only once, divorced two years later, did not leave offspring. Opponents have repeatedly accused him of homosexuality , while friends called him a real womanizer [5] .
In 1930-1933, Chateaulene’s suprefect, then he begins to get involved in painting , gets acquainted with Saint-Paul Roux and Max Jacob , illustrates the collections of Tristian Corbières , draws and publishes history magazines in pictures and caricatures, collects paintings, in particular Chirico , Frieze and Dufy .
In the years 1933-1934 - suprefect of Thonon-les-Bains . Since 1936, he served as assistant (deputy) Minister of the Air Force , in this post secretly made efforts to support the Spanish Republicans in the civil war . In 1939 he became prefect of the department of Ayr and Loire [6] .
From the very beginning of the war he took an active part in the resistance movement. On June 17, 1940 , he was arrested and beaten by the Germans for “insulting the great German nation”, namely, that he refused to sign a document that falsely accused the Senegalese fighters of the French army of massacre of civilians in the city of Chartres during fights [7] . Moulin knew that the Africans courageously fought for France, and after the capture they were shot by the Germans for nothing, while civilians became victims of the Luftwaffe bombing [8] . From an early age, his father raised Jean as an ardent opponent of racism and anti-Semitism [9] . On the same day, he tried to commit suicide by cutting his throat with a splinter of a window, which he broke in his cell. The Nazis held him together with one of the captive Senegalese, "whom he loved so much," and the corpse of a woman who died in the bombing, in order to break his will to resist. However, he was soon released and reinstated as prefect by the Vichy regime . November 2, 1940 was removed from office for his leftist views and placed under house arrest . On November 15, he decides to go underground , hiding in Saint-Andiol , Marseille and other cities, collecting information about the state and needs of the Resistance movement in order to go with them to London and betray them to the leadership of Free France .
On September 9, 1941 , using fake documents, he arrived in London through Spain and Portugal, where he began to work closely with Charles de Gaulle . During his stay in England, trained in skydiving and handling a pistol and dagger . Returns to France on the night of December 31, 1941 to January 1, 1942 during a special operation, parachuting. February 14, 1943 became one of the members (ministers) of the . May 27, 1943 headed the .
On June 21, 1943, the Gestapo was arrested. The head of the Gestapo of Lyons, Klaus Barbie, personally tortured Moulins for many days in a row, as a result of which the French freedom fighter died on July 8, 1943 in a Berlin train near the city of Metz , on his way to a concentration camp. It is cremated , the exact burial place is unknown, its remains have not been identified with certainty.
On December 19, 1964, the alleged ashes of Jean Moulins were moved from the Paris cemetery of Pere Lachaise to the Pantheon .
Many streets, schools and the University of Lyon 3 are named after Jean Moulins. In 1993, the Bank of France issued a two-franc coin with his portrait.
Ranks
- Soldier (1918)
- Senior Corporal (1937)
- Sergeant (1938)
- Brigadier General (posthumously, 1944)
- Division General (posthumous, 1946)
Rewards
- Knight of the Legion of Honor (posthumous, 1945)
- Companion of the Order of Liberation ( October 17, 1942 )
- Military medal
- Military Cross 1939-1945 (posthumous, 1945)
- Cavalier of the Order of Agricultural Merit
- Commemorative Medal of the War of 1914-1918
- Physical education medal with a socket
- Honorary Silver Medal of Social Insurance (Ministry of Labor)
- Public Welfare Medal
- Honorary Silver Medal of Public Assistance (Ministry of Health)
- Cavalier of the Order of the Crown of Italy (1926)
- Commander of the Order of the Crown of Yugoslavia
See also
- Resistance Movement in France
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Benezit Dictionary of Artists - 2006. - ISBN 978-0-19-977378-7 , 978-0-19-989991-3
- ↑ Find a Grave - 1995. - ed. size: 165000000
- ↑ 1 2 Moulin Jean // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Assouline, Pierre "Beneath the Scarf of Jean Moulin" pages 1–21 from South Central Review , Volume 25, No. 2 Summer 2008 page 7.
- ↑ Johnson, Douglas. "The Mystery of Jean Moulin", Los Angeles Times , 1 September 2002
- ↑ Clinton, Alan Jean Moulin, 1899–1943 The French Resistance and the Republic , London: Macmillan 2002 page 89.
- ↑ Clinton, Alan Jean Moulin, 1899–1943 The French Resistance and the Republic , London: Macmillan 2002 page 91.
- ↑ Clinton, Alan Jean Moulin, 1899–1943 The French Resistance and the Republic , London: Macmillan 2002 pages 89–90.