Karl Eugene Dühring ( January 12, 1833 , Berlin - September 21, 1921 , Novaves, near Potsdam ) - German philosopher, professor of mechanics, was engaged in political economy and law. Dühring's ideas gained some popularity among German social democracy. This prompted Friedrich Engels to subject Dühring's views to critical analysis, which showed their eclectic nature and scientific inconsistency from the point of view of Marxism (see Anti-Dühring ).
| Eugene Dühring | |
|---|---|
| him. Eugen dühring | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | January 12, 1833 |
| Place of Birth | Berlin |
| Date of death | September 21, 1921 (88 years old) |
| Place of death | Novaves, near Potsdam |
| A country | Germany |
| Scientific field | philosophy , sociology , economics |
| Place of work | University of Berlin |
| Alma mater | |
Biography
The son of a Prussian official. He studied law, but due to eye disease and the subsequent blindness, he could not work as a lawyer. Privat-docent of the University of Berlin (1863-1877), dismissed due to criticism of the university order.
Philosophy
Dühring made an attempt to build his own system of "philosophy of reality", which, according to him, approves a new way of thinking. However, its construction turned out to be a mixture of the elements of metaphysical materialism, positivism and Kantianism . He considered philosophy an a priori doctrine of finite truths. The world, according to Dühring, has no end, but had a beginning in time, which was preceded by a state of absolute peace. Düring explains the transition from rest to motion using the concept of a certain “mechanical force”, supposedly inherent in matter. Thus, Dühring sought to avoid the idea of a first-push and at the same time evade the materialistic interpretation of motion as an attribute of matter; Dühring’s time is divorced from space and from matter.
Dühring became one of the founders of the " theory of violence " regarding the origin of the state [1] .
Sociological Concept
Dühring's sociological concept is based on an idealistic view that violence is the cause of social inequality, exploitation and poverty. According to Dühring, the socialist transformation of society should exclude a revolutionary coup and go in the spirit of petty-bourgeois socialism of Proudhon , by means of cooperation of small producers. Dühring was a supporter of the teachings of the American economist Henry Charles Carey . He opposed the political economy of Marxism , materialist dialectics and scientific socialism .
Criticism
Friedrich Engels, in his book Anti-Dühring , specifically dedicated to Dühring's concepts, wrote:
... He cannot make his philosophy of reality without first imposing his aversion to tobacco, cats and Jews - as a universal law - on the rest of humanity, including Jews. His “truly critical point of view” in relation to other people is to stubbornly ascribe to them things that they never said and which are Mr. Dühring's own factory.
Engels also accused Dühring of "exaggerated to caricature anti-Semitism" [2] .
Friedrich Nietzsche wrote of Dühring [3] :
In the most sacred places of science one could hear the hoarse, indignant barking of pathologically unhealthy dogs, the deceit and fury of the "noble" Pharisees. Once again, I remind my readers, who have ears, of that Berlin apostle of revenge, Eugene Dühring, who in today's Germany uses the indecent and disgusting hype about morality. Dühring - the first throat of those who today are among his equal anti-Semites.
Compositions
- Der Wert des Lebens, 1865 Digisat - “The Value of Life” translated by Yu. M. Antonovsky // Russian Wealth No. 4-12. 1892
- The value of life. - SPb., 1894.M., 2000.
- Natürliche Dialektik, B., 1865.
- Kursus der Philosophie, Lpz., 1875
- Logik und Wissenschaftstheorie, 2 Aufl., Lpz., 1905
- Kritische Geschichte der allgemeinen Principien der Mechanik, 2 Aufl., Lpz., 1877
- A critical history of the general principles of mechanics. SPb., 1893.
- The course of national and social economy with the inclusion of instructions for the study and criticism of the theory of the national economy and socialism = Kursus der National- und Sozialökonomie. - SPb., 1893.
- Great people in literature. Criticism of modern literature from a new perspective = Die Größen der modernen Literatur populär und kritisch nach neuen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt. - SPb., 1897.
- The Jewish question, as a question of racial character and its harmful effect on the existence of peoples, on morals and culture. / Translation of the 5th edition. - M., 1906.
- Social salvation - in real law, - St. Petersburg, 1909
Prohibition of distribution in the Russian Federation
Based on the decision of the Meshchansky District Court of Moscow dated 03.12.2008, the book “The Jewish Question as a Question of the Racial Character and Its Harmful Effect on the Existence of Peoples, on Morals and Culture” was entered on the Federal List of Extremist Materials under the numbers 979 and 3329.
Notes
Sources
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia