Simon Foucher ( fr. Simon Foucher ; March 1, 1644 , Dijon - April 27, 1696 , Paris ) is a French thinker of the 17th century , known as a critic of philosophy Nicolas Malbranche and author of an attempt to revive the ideas of academic skepticism.
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Biography
Born in Dijon. He received a bachelor's degree in theology from the Sorbonne . For some time he was a canon in Dijon, and then moved to Paris, where, engaged in literary works, he lived until his death in April 1696.
During Leibniz's stay in Paris, the meeting of two thinkers took place. Upon his return to Germany in 1676, Leibniz maintained (with some interruptions) correspondence with Foucher. Correspondence lasted from 1676 to 1696. Some of these letters or excerpts from them were published during the lifetime of thinkers. In their correspondence, Foucher and Leibniz analyzed the philosophical ideas of Descartes and Malbranche, the questions of epistemology and methodology, raised ethical issues, for example, the virtues of the ethics of Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius . Foucher is also the author of several philosophical works that have received some fame. He owns a poem on the compatibility of Christian morality and the morality of the ancient Greeks (1682) and an essay on a hygrometer (1686).
Foucher also studied the history and philosophy of the Platonic Academy . The main task of Foucher was the revival of academic skepticism . Foucher’s skepticism is believed to be subordinate to faith. In 1673, Foucher wrote a Thesis on the Search for Truth, or On the Logic of Academics. This essay was published in Dijon. All the rest were published already in Paris. It contained an exposition of the principles of academic skepticism in comparison with Cartesian philosophy. Foucher believed that Descartes borrowed his rules of method from academics.
In 1687, the Apology of Academics was published. In 1691, Foucher published the Philosophy of Academics (in 3 volumes). In 1692, Foucher published an essay on the wisdom of the ancients and sent comments on this work by Leibniz. Leibniz commended Foucher on the study and presentation of academic philosophy. In Theodicea, Leibniz noted that "Foucher had the intention to do in favor of the academicians what Lipsy and Sziopiy did for the Stoics, Mr. Gassendi for Epicurus and that Mr. Dacier started so well in favor of Plato." According to Foucher, academics sought to “cleanse” the human mind of everything unreliable (in the spirit of Descartes), relied on some solid scientific principles and were not advocates of pure skepticism. Foucher himself was not a supporter of pyrronism . He even reproached others with him, for example, Malbranche.
Compositions
- Dissertation sur la recherche de la vérité, ou sur la philosophie académique (1673)
- Critique de la Recherche de la vérité (1675)
- Traité des hygromètres ou machines pour mesurer la sécheresse et l'humidité
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 CERL Thesaurus - A consortium of European science libraries .
Literature
- Richard A. Watson and Marjorie Grene, Malebranche's First and Last Critics: Simon Foucher and Dortous De Mairan. Southern Illinois University Press, 1995. 128 pages
- Dyomin R.N. Simon Foucher - critic of Malbranche and restorer of academic skepticism // PLATWNOPOLIS: philosophical antiquity as an interdisciplinary synthesis of historical, philosophical, historical and philological studies: Materials of the 2nd summer youth scientific school. St. Petersburg, 2003.S. 127-133.
- Windelband V. History of a new philosophy. Volume 1. From Renaissance to Enlightenment. M., 2000.- S. 384.