Komsomolets (projects 123, 123bis, M-123bis and 123K) is a series of Soviet small torpedo boats (TK, TKA).
Torpedo boat type "Komsomolets" (Project 123) | |
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TCA type "Komsomolets" - a monument to the Baltic. 2010 Kaliningrad | |
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Subsequent type | Torpedo boats project 123bis |
Years built | 1939 - 1940 |
Built by | one |
Main characteristics | |
Displacement | 16.98 t |
Length | 18.5 m |
Width | 3.4 m |
Height | 1.2 m |
Booking | cutting: 7 mm |
Engines | 2 ICE GAM-34F |
Power | 2 × 1000 l. with. |
Mover | 2 three-blade screws |
Travel speed | maximum 51.6 knots |
Navigation range | 650 miles at 32 knots |
Crew | 6 people |
Armament | |
Flak | 1 × 1 12.7-mm DShK ; later: 1 ×2 of the Criminal Code (1 × 2 12.7-mm DShK). |
Anti-submarine weapons | 4 GB BM-1 (4 side bomber) |
Mine-torpedo armament | 2 × 1,533 mm T- bar BS-7 (2 torpedoes 53-38 ) |
Torpedo boats like "Komsomolets" (project 123bis) | |
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Replica TCA project 123bis. Museum of the Great Patriotic War . 2017 | |
Project | |
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Previous type | Project 123 torpedo boats |
Subsequent type | Torpedo boats project M-123bis |
Years built | 1943 - 1945 |
Built by | 31 |
Main characteristics | |
Displacement | normal: 19.2 tons , full: 20.5 tons |
Length | 18.7 m |
Width | 3.4 m |
Height | 1.8 m |
Draft | 0.75 m |
Booking | cutting: 7 mm |
Engines | 2 Packard ICE |
Power | 2 × 1200 l. with. |
Mover | 2 three-blade screws |
Travel speed | maximum: 48 knots |
Navigation range | maximum: 345 miles (at a speed of 28.8 knots) |
Autonomy swimming | 36 hours seaworthiness: 4 points |
Crew | 7 people |
Armament | |
Flak | 2 × 2 of the Criminal Code (2 × 2 DShK ) |
Anti-submarine weapons | 6 depth charges BM-1 (6 airborne and 2 stern bombers); DEMAEPParat DA-7 40 l |
Mine-torpedo armament | 2 × 1 450-mm pipe TA (2 torp. 45-36N ) |
Torpedo boats like "Komsomolets" (project 123K) | |
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Torpedo boat - a monument to the project 123K "Komsomolets". St. Petersburg | |
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Previous type | Torpedo boats project M-123bis |
Years built | 1950-1953 |
Built by | 155 |
Main characteristics | |
Displacement | normal: 21.1 t total: 22.5 t |
Length | 19.3 m |
Width | 3.6 m |
Height | 1.8 m |
Draft | 0.8 m |
Engines | 2 diesel M-50 |
Power | 2 × 1000 l. with. |
Mover | 2 three-blade screws |
Travel speed | maximum: 50 knots |
Navigation range | 450 miles (at a speed of 35 knots) |
Autonomy swimming | 36 hours seaworthiness: 4 points |
Crew | 7 people |
Armament | |
Radar weapons | Radar "Zarnitsa" ; Radar "Torch" . |
Flak | (1 × 2 CPV ); from the XIII series: 1 × 2 20-mm SHVAK |
Mine-torpedo armament | 2 × 1 450-mm pipe TA (2 torpedoes 45-36NU ) |
History
A torpedo boat with a duralumin hull Komsomolets (Project 123) was designed in 1939 by a group of designers of Plant No. 194 ("Andrew Marty"), headed by PI. Taptygin.
Having almost the same dimensions as the G-5 , the boat of the project 123 surpassed it. In the bottom of the entire length of the hull is a hollow beam, which played the role of the keel. On the sides below the waterline were the side keels, reducing rolling. Seaworthiness to 4 points. The number of waterproof compartments increased to five. Instead of a feeding trough appeared drag torpedo tubes.
The lead boat of the project 123 was laid on July 30, 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad plant No. 194 (berth No. С-505). Launched May 16, 1940, was commissioned on October 25, 1940. March 12, 1941 was enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet . According to the characteristics significantly different from the boats of the subsequent series.
The data of Komsomolets: displacement of 15.27 (full 17.2) tons; dimensions 18 x 3.4 x x 1.2 meters; Motors GAM-34F 2 x x 1000 hp; speed 52 knots; range 345 miles at a speed of 17 knots ; crew of 6 people. Armament: 2,533 mm T-barrage TA, 1 12.7-mm machine gun DShK , 4 depth bombs M-1.
After launching the head boat of project 123, design bureau of shipbuilding plant No. 639 , the project was finalized. In 1942, the project was improved in TsKB-32 by F.L. Liventsev. Significantly increased anti-aircraft weapons, instead of one machine gun DShK put four, in two twin installations. In November 1943, the fleet received a new project of Komsomolets-type boats, which received the designation “123bis”. Until the end of the Second World War, 31 boats of the project 123bis descended from the stocks of the Tyumen Plant No. 639 , all of them were equipped with more powerful Packard 4M-2500 1200-hp aircraft engines supplied under lend-lease. [one]
After the war, the project of Komsomolets-type boats was further refined 2 times, and in 1946-1953 another 205 Komsomolets torpedo boats (50 from the M-123bis project and 155 from the 123K project) went off from the stocks of the Feodosia Shipbuilding Plant No. 831 Soviet diesel engines M-50 of the plant number 800 of the Ministry of Transport and Machinery .
On this serial construction of small torpedo boats in the USSR was completed. Beginning in 1952, the USSR handed over 56 design 123 boats to China. Other countries — allies of the USSR — received the same boats [2] .
Design Features
Redit boat with duralumin hull. The case is divided into five compartments with watertight bulkheads (gauge 20… 25 cm). Along the entire length of the hull, a hollow sprat is laid, performing the function of the keel. To reduce the pitching on the underwater part of the hull installed side keels.
Two aircraft engines are installed in the housing step by step, one after the other, with the length of the left propeller shaft 12.2 m, and the right - 10 m.
Torpedo tubes, starting with boats of the project 123bis, unlike boats of the previous types, are tubular and not flute. [one]
Modifications
Project 123bis torpedo boats
An improved version of the boats, developed by F. L. Liventsev’s group at TsKB-32 in 1942, differed from the previous version with a reinforced hull, lend-lease American gasoline engines, reinforced artillery and updated torpedo armament. The cabin and machine-gun installations defended with 7 mm armor.
The power plant of the two gasoline aircraft engines "Packard" 1200 l. with. Maximum speed up to 48 knots. A serviceable motor started in 5-6 seconds after power on.
Armament of 123by motorboats:
Out of 2 TTKA-45 single-tube torpedo tubes for two 457-mm torpedoes. Pipe units provided a more favorable microclimate for the torpedo, which was located in TA.
Of the 2 paired large-caliber 12.7-mm machine-guns DShK with a barrel length of 84.25 caliber, which are located one on the roof of the cabin and one in the stern on the pedestal. Fire mode - only automatic, on the vapor principle, there is a muzzle brake. The machine-gun fire rate is 600 rounds / minute with an initial cartridge speed of 850 m / s, firing range up to 3.5 km, target height up to 2.4 km. Power machine gun tape, 50 rounds in the tape. Shooting bursts up to 125 shots, after which cooling is required. The calculation of the machine gun 2 people. For ease of aiming, a shoulder pad with adjustable shoulder stops. Machine guns had a manual control system with an optical sight.
Of the 6 depth charge bombs BM-1 on the stern stops. The total weight of the bomb is 41 kg, the weight of the trotyl is 25 kg with a length of 420 mm and a diameter of 252 mm. Dive speed up to 2.3 m / s, the radius of destruction - up to 5 meters. The bomb was used for prophylactic bombing, including for undermining bottom magnetic and acoustic mines from boats and low-speed ships.
Boats with DA-7 acid smoke apparatus at the stern - they used a C-IV mixture (a solution of sulfurous anhydride in chlorosulfonic acid), which was supplied to the nozzles with compressed air and sprayed over the stern as a smoke forming substance.
Crew: 7 people (1 officer).
- The displacement of boats of the project 123bis increased by 5 tons, the maximum speed decreased by 4 knots. But the main drawback is that the range has been reduced by 100 miles (185 km)! Such is the fee for more powerful weapons, booking felling and reinforcement of the hull. [one]
TCA tactics and technical data, project 123bis:
Displacement: standard 19.2 tons, full 20.5 tons.
Maximum length: 18.7 meters
Width is greatest: 3.44 meters
Full draft: 0.75 meters
Power plant: 2 packard gasoline engines of 1,200 liters each. s., 2 screws, 2 steering wheels
Travel speed: full 48 knots, economic 17 knots
Cruising range: 250 miles at 17 knots
Seaworthiness: 4 points
Autonomy: 1 day
- Radio equipment: 1 “Shtil-K” radio station - navigation: 1 KI-6 magnetic compass
Number Built
They built boats of project 123bis at the factory number 639 in the city of Tyumen . The lead boat of the project 123bis became operational in 1944. [one]
- In total, boats were built from 1944 to 1955 - 118 units [2] [3] .
M-123bis project torpedo boats
The modernized version of the 123bis motorboats, developed by V. Burlakov’s group at TsKB-19 in 1946, differed from the 123bis motorboats by domestic M-50 diesel engines, which were less fire hazardous than the Packard gasoline engines. Two-shaft power plant with two M-50 diesel engines of 900 liters each. with. with reverse gearboxes and a maximum speed of 1600 rpm.
The construction was carried out at the factory number 831 in the city of Feodosia. The lead boat entered service of the Black Sea Fleet in 1949.
TCA tactical and technical data Project M-123bis:
Displacement: standard 20.2 tons, full 21.5 tons.
Maximum length: 18.7 meters
Width is greatest: 3.44 meters
Full draft: 0.76 meters
Powerplant: 2 diesel M-50 900 liters each. s., 2 screws, 2 steering wheels
Travel speed: full 50 knots, economic 17 knots
Navigation range: 500 miles at 17 knots
Seaworthiness: 4 points
Autonomy: 1 day
Armament:
artillery: 2x2 12.7-mm machine gun DShK
torpedo: 2 457 mm single-tube TA TTKA-45
radio engineering: 1 radio station "Shtil-K"
Navigation: 1 magnetic compass KI-6
chemical: smoke apparatus DA-7
Number Built
In total, boats were built from 1949 to 1951 - 42 units [3] .
123k torpedo boats
The torpedo boats of the 123K project are an improved version developed by a group of V.M. Burlakov at TsKB-19 in 1950. It differed from the previous version in that the control of the boat was carried out from the wheelhouse to the open bridge, the smoke equipment was replaced with smoke bombs of MDSH , and the armor protection of the cabin was removed. In addition, two radar stations were installed on the boats: state recognition of the “Torch” and the detection of targets “ Zarnitsa ” by removing the machine-gun installation.
The armament of the boats consisted of:
Of the 2 single-tube torpedo tubes TTKA-45-52 for two 457 mm torpedoes. Pipe units provided a more favorable microclimate for the torpedo, which was located in TA.
From 1 paired 14.5-mm machine gun 2M-5 with a barrel length of 138 caliber, which was located in the stern of the boat. The installation had 2 horizontally mounted machine guns KPV, which were induced manually by the shooter, there were no drive guidance mechanisms. The calculation included 3 people. To protect the calculation from bullets and small fragments, the installation was supplied with horizontal armor 8 mm thick for the front wall and 4 mm for the rear. The installation rate was 600 shots / min. on the barrel with the initial speed of the cartridge 850 m / s, sighting range of fire up to 2.5 km, ceiling up to 2 km. Power machine guns tape, in the tape of 80 rounds per barrel. Shooting was carried out only in queues. The sight allowed firing at air targets moving at speeds of up to 250 m / s. Installation weight - 550 kg.
Disguise Tool - Smoke Bomb MDS . The marine smoke bomb MDS, put into service in 1935, was intended for ships without stationary smoke apparatus. A solid smoke mixture based on ammonia and anthracene is used as a smoke generator in a saber. With a length of 487 mm and a mass of 40-45 kg, its operation time is eight minutes, and the smoke screen that is created reaches 350 meters in length and 17 meters in height.
Tactical and technical data of TC 123K project:
Displacement: standard 21.1 tons, full 22.5 tons.
Maximum length: 19.3 meters
Width is greatest: 3.6 meters
Full draft: 0.8 meters
Powerplant: 2 diesel M-50 900 liters each. s., 2 screws, 2 steering wheels
Travel speed: full 50 knots, economic 17 knots
Navigation range: 400 miles with 17 knots
Seaworthiness: 4 points
Autonomy: 1 day
Crew: 7 people (1 officer)
- Radio equipment: 1 radio station, navigation: 1 magnetic compass KI-11, chemical: 3 smoke bombs MDS
Number Built
The construction was carried out at the factory number 831 in the city of Feodosia. The lead boat was commissioned in 1951.
In total, the 123K project boats were built from 1951 to 1955 - 205 units [3] .
The list of boats of projects 123 and 123bis during the Great Patriotic War
room | Title | Pledged | Lowered | Put into operation | In the fleet | Notes |
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TK-351 | 30.07 . 1939 | 16.05 . 1940 | 25.10. 1940 | BSF | Project 123 series lead boat | |
TK-7 | "Odessa Patriot" | Early 1944 | Autumn 1944 | 4.02 . 1945 | PF | |
TK-100 | "Odessa collective farmer" | PF | ||||
TK-110 | PF | |||||
TK-111 | PF | |||||
TK-112 | PF | |||||
TK-120 | PF | |||||
TK-122 | PF | |||||
TK-123 | PF | |||||
TK-130 | PF | |||||
TK-131 | "Rechnik Angara" | 05/15/1944 | Oct 1944 | 11/19/1944 | CBF | Laid at the Tyumen Shipyard (from October 1941 - Plant No. 639) , 30/09/1944, sent by rail to Leningrad for completion. Entered the BF 30.01.1945 15.04 . 1945 in the Gdansk Bay together with the TK-141 severely damaged the German destroyer Z-34 . In 1995, at the Almaz plant, a full-size model of the M-123bis project was built according to authentic drawings . Board number is assigned in honor of the TK-131. [four] |
TK-132 | "Artyomovets" | CBF | 11.04 . 1945 was damaged by coastal artillery of the enemy in the Gdansk Bay, jumped ashore, destroyed by Soviet assault aircraft . | |||
TK-133 | "Worker Artem" | CBF | Presumably drowned 28.04 . 1945 transport (2,475 brt ) | |||
TK-140 | PF | |||||
TC-141 | "Odessa Komsomol member" | CBF | 15.04 . 1945 in the Gdansk Bay, together with the TK-131, heavily damaged the German destroyer Z-34. By mistake, sunk by Soviet aviation 9.05. 1945 in the area of Libau. | |||
TK-142 | PF | |||||
TC-143 | PF | |||||
TC-146 | PF | |||||
TC-148 | PF | |||||
TK-350 | Chernomorets | BSF | ||||
TK-472 | "Sailor Dalstroy" | PF | ||||
TK-473 | "Livadia" | PF | ||||
TK-474 | PF | |||||
TK-475 | PF | |||||
TK-476 | PF | |||||
TK-477 | PF | |||||
TK-478 | PF | |||||
TK-479 | PF | |||||
TK-480 | PF | |||||
TK-481 | PF | |||||
TC-607 | "Komsomol of Kazakhstan" | PF | ||||
TC-608 | PF |
All by [5]
"Komsomol member" in art
- In the Soviet film “Farewell” (1966), a division of torpedo boats of the Komsomolets type conducts military operations off the coast of the Crimea in 1944.
Torpedo boats like "Komsomolets" can be seen in the games:
- Submarine chaser
- Ships
- NavyPower
- Warthunder
Links
- Projects 123bis, M-123bis, 123K
- TCA Project 123 "Komsomolets" 1940-1955 . Site "Surface forces". The appeal date is September 13, 2016.
- N. Fedorov. Victory attacks "Komsomol" (MK)
- Type "Komsomol member"
- World War II boats
- Torpedo boat project 123bis type Komsomolets (video)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Boats of the “Komsomolets” type (project 123,123 bis). HISTORY OF TORPED BOATS A.E. TARAS
- ↑ 1 2 Project 123 boats. HISTORY OF TORPED BOATS A.E. TARAS
- ↑ 1 2 3 Small torpedo boats of projects: Project 123bis, code Komsomolets; Project M123bis; Project 123K
- ↑ 131 //fleetphoto.ru (photo)
- ↑ Komsomol member type - 32 units. Ships of the Soviet Navy on the eve and during the Great Patriotic War. Boats