Chernihiv collegium

The collegium is located in the center of Chernigov , on the edge of the rampart of the former fortress, next to the Borisoglebsky Cathedral .

The collegium was founded in 1700 by John Maksimovich Vasilkovsky , the archbishop of Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversky, and subsequently, the archbishop of Tobolsk. Initially, the Chernihiv Collegium was called Little Russian Collegium . ^[4] Schools of Lazar Baranovich (Slavic-Latin and Slavic-mathematical) were transferred to the Chernigov collegium, transferred from Novgorod-Seversk to Chernigov in 1689. The Slavic school was originally located in the Borisoglebsky monastery . The collegiate refectory building (the central part of the building is the first floor), built in the second half of the 17th century, was reserved for the collegium.

In 1700 - 1702 above the western part of the building a two-tier bell tower was erected. The lower tier was intended for ringing, the upper one housed the Church of St. John the Evangelist . At the same time, construction is underway on the entire eastern part of the building with a second floor built on the refectory. It housed a large refectory hall and the All Saints Church.

At the collegium, in grammar classes, languages ​​were studied: Latin, Polish, Church Slavonic, and subsequently, from the 1830s, Russian. Initially, four classes were opened at the collegium, in which grammar and syntax were taught in Latin and Polish . Latin courses in rhetoric , poetics and philosophy were taught only after passing grammar classes. A full course of study took six years.

At first, there were only two teachers and the prefect , since the 30s, there were three teachers ^[5] . The composition of the students was omniscient: ^[6] Not only children of the clergy, but also noblemen , philistines and Cossacks ^[7] were trained at the collegium, as at the Kiev-Mohyla Academy . By the mid-30s, at the Chernigov Collegium, poetics had not yet been separated into a separate class, but was presented together with rhetoric, logic and dialectics by one teacher, namely the prefect. In the courses of poetry and rhetoric, they studied the theoretical foundations of ancient poetry and eloquence, learned to write poetic works in Latin and Polish, compose and deliver speeches, panegyrics, sermons, etc. Starting from the 40s. XVIII century there are also speeches in Russian.

According to the academic tradition that existed even in the Kiev-Mohyla Academy, at the Chernigov Collegium, each teacher of poetry, rhetoric and philosophy had to prepare his own lecture course, which he dictated to students. Unfortunately, only a handful of handwritten courses from the Chernigov Collegium have survived to this day. A detailed description of the courses of the Chernigov Collegium was first conducted by the historian N. I. Petrov .

In 1705, a collegium published a collection of syllabic verses from the Mirror of Divine Scripture .

In 1716, the teachers of the collegium translated the history of Rome Titus Livius into Church Slavonic.

In 1717, the teacher of the Chernigov collegium, Archimandrite of the Trinity-Elias Monastery, German Kononovich, for the first time in Chernigov, published the New Testament. In it, he commented on vague places for the reader from the New Testament.

In 1749, on the initiative of Ambrose Dubnevich , a philosophical class was opened, which, for lack of space, began to be taught in the refectory. Philosophy, together with the next course of theology, constituted a higher level of superiora sciences than the rhetoric course that preceded philosophy. Philosophy has been studied for two years. From the second half of the 18th century, courses on German , Greek and French , arithmetic , geometry and planimetry appeared in the collegium.

In 1784 - 1786 the reorganization of the Chernigov collegium into the Chernigov Theological Seminary took place . A museum of church antiquities and a church-archaeological commission were organized under her. The teachers of the seminary were engaged in scientific work, published in the Chernihiv Eparchial News and in the journal Faith and Life.

At the end of the 18th century , the reconstruction of the building began in connection with the placement of public places in it.

In the XIX century, during the reconstruction, the entire facade decoration of the building was destroyed, the walls were smoothly plastered.

In 1891, on the west side, a canopy with a porch in the pseudo-Russian style was added . This was followed by restructuring to adapt the building to housing.

In 1951 - 1953 the monument has been restored.

In 1970 - 1980 The next restoration of the building was carried out.

Currently, the Chernihiv Collegium is part of the National Architectural and Historical Reserve "Old Chernigov."

List of Prefects of Hieromonks of the Chernigov Collegium ^[8]

1. Anthony Stakhovsky (1700-1709)
2. John Dubinsky (1721, 1724-1725)
3. Justin Boguslavsky (1722)
4. Thaddeus Kokuylovich (1722, 1723-1724)
5. Dmitry Smyalovskiy (1726-1727)
6. Varlaam Demchinsky (1727-1728)
7. Ephraim of Boldinsky (1727, 1729-1730)
8. Meletius Zhurakovsky (1730-1731)
9. Tobiah Smorzhevsky (1732-1734)
10. Joseph Lipyatsky (1735-1737)
11. Sofroniy Ziminsky (1737-1739)
12. Pankraty Chernysky (1739-1742)
13. Simon Boretsky (1742-1744)
14. Jonah Narozhnitsky (1744-1748)
15. Sylvester Novopolsky (1749-1752)
16. Gabriel Oginsky (1753-1756)
17. Jeremiah Gusarevsky (1756-1758)
18. Petroniy Gankevich (1759-1761)
19. Patrick Kotelnetsky (1761-1768)
20. Callist Zvenigorod (1769-1776)
21. Jonah Levitsky (1776-1778)
22. Palladium Lukashevich (1778-1782)
23. David (1783-1786)

The building is an elongated rectangle in plan, oriented from west to east . The bell tower is located above the western part of the building.

The length of the building with an attached canopy and porch is 48 m. The height of the bell tower is 40 m.

The masonry is made of grooved bricks , the foundation and basement masonry are made of huge boulders .

The floors of the original building are vaulted and flat. The ceilings of the Church of St. John the Evangelist - a closed arch with herds decorated with rods with beads, on the arch - stucco ornament . Overlapping the remaining rooms with closed and semicircular arches with formwork. In the Church of All Saints, the domes were lost, but the supporting part of the large drum and sail in the apse was preserved.

The facade is richly decorated with pilasters , three-quarter columns, niches , a curb , tile inserts, a columnar arcature belt . Window frames are made by platbands , columns and kokoshniks of various shapes.

The frieze of the bell tower has stucco sockets and ceramic plot reliefs .

The architecture and decor of the collegium is a vivid example of Ukrainian baroque , a monument of national importance.

• The history of the Chernihiv collegium
• Monuments of urban planning and architecture of the Ukrainian SSR. Kiev, publishing house "Budivelnyk", 1983-1986.
• Chernihiv region. Encyclopedic reference book. Kiev, publishing house "Ukrainian Radyansk Encyclopedia", 1990 (Ukrainian).
• Posokhova L. Yu. Kharkivsky kolegium (XVIII - Persian half of the XIX century). Kharkiv, 1999.