Filomela ( dr. Greek. Φιλομήλα ) - a character in ancient Greek mythology , daughter of the king of Athens Pandion and Zeuxippa , sister of Prokna , Erechtheus and Booth . Swallow-Pandionida is already mentioned by Hesiod and Sappho [1] . The myth about it is localized either in Phocis or in Thrace .
| Philomel | |
|---|---|
| Greek Φιλομήλα | |
 Elizabeth Gardner . Filomela and Prokna | |
| Mythology | ancient greek |
| Type of | Greece |
| Terrain | Phocis , Thrace |
| Greek spelling | Φιλομήλα |
| Floor | female |
| Father | Pandion |
| Mother | Zeuxippa |
| Brothers and sisters | |
| Spouse | Terey |
| Attributes | nightingale , swallow |
She lived in Davlide [2] . The second wife of Tereus , who cut her tongue. To avoid persecution, Terey turned into a swallow in the city of Davlide [3] (in another embodiment, into a nightingale [4] ).
Or arrived in Athens and died of grief [5] . According to the interpretation, she was numb from shame, and not from cutting off the tongue [6] .
In Dawlid, the swallows did not lay and did not hatch eggs because of fear of the country of Terey [7] . Swallows are called Davlids [8] .
According to another version of the myth, Filomela, the daughter of the king of Athens, had her sister, Prokna, the wife of King Phocis, Tereus. Tereus subjected Philomelos to violence, and to hide his crime, pulled out her tongue. Filomela told about this sister with embroidery on fabric. An enraged Prokna killed her son from Tereus, Itis and fed her husband meat. Zeus turned Philomelos into a swallow , Prokna into a nightingale , and Tereus into a hoopoe . Later sources ( Ovid , Gigin and Apollodorus ) claim that Filomela was turned into a nightingale, and Prokna was turned into a swallow.
In honor of Philomela, the asteroid (196) named Philomela , discovered in 1879, is named.
In the culture of the New Age
Literature
The myth of Philomelus and Prokne ( Prognus ) served as the source of many literary works of the New Age . In dramatic form, he is represented by the tragedy of I. A. Krylov “Filomela” in 1783. Also, his plot formed the basis of Lafontaine ’s fable , translated into Russian by K. N. Batyushkov - “Filomela and Progna. (From La Fontaine) ”(written in 1811 and then published in the “ Herald of Europe ” [9] ); in the note to the fable, the plot of the myth is briefly retold [10] . In European poetry of the New Age, from Sydney and Shakespeare to Eliot Filomel, it means the nightingale , either in its direct meaning, or as a symbol of creativity, the embodiment of a true poet. For example, in Batyushkov’s elegy “Last Spring” (1815) [11] :
The stream roared freely
And the bright voice of Philomela
The gloomy forest fascinated:
All new life drinks breath!
or the idylls of A. A. Delvig “Damon” ( 1821 ) [12] :
Sweet winged singers are pleasant sweet songs -
Your midnight song is more pleasant, Philomela!
In the elegy of V. A. Zhukovsky, “Evening” (1806) [13] :
"In the grass of the coronel, I hear a wild cry,
The groaning of philomelos in the forest ...
In the poem of I. A. Brodsky "Candlestick" (1968):
"... And somewhere Philomel chirped."
Music
- Philomela (1705) - opera (tragedy in music) by Louis Lacoste
- Filomela ( 1964 ) - Milton Babbit's serialist composition for soprano and synthesizer .
Historiography
Jeffrey Hartman in his work, “Scars of the Spirit” ( Scars of the Spirit , 2002 ) takes the initiative of the “Philomel project”: to provide a voice to those who were historically deprived of it (p. 90).
Notes
- ↑ Hesiod. Proceedings and days 569 ;. Hesiod, fr. 312 M.-U .; Sappho, fr. 135 Lobel Page
- ↑ Nonn. Acts of Dionysus IV 321
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library III 14, 8
- ↑ Gigin. Myths 45; Ovid
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas I 41, 8
- ↑ Tertullian. To the Gentiles I 8
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas X 4, 9
- ↑ Plutarch. Table Talks VIII 7, 2
- ↑ Batyushkov K.N. Filomela and Progna. (From Lafontaine) // “Bulletin of Europe” , part LX. - 1811. - December ( No. 23 ). - S. 186-187 .
- ↑ Pilshchikov, I. A. Comment on the elegy of K. N. Batyushkov “The Last Spring” . Russian Virtual Library (April 25, 2004). Date of treatment August 29, 2008. Archived June 1, 2012.
- ↑ Batyushkov K.N. Last Spring // Works / Entry. article and comp. V.V. Gury. - Arkhangelsk: North-West Book Publishing House, 1979. - S. 69. - 400 p. - (Russian North). - 100,000 copies.
- ↑ Delvig A.A. Damon (Idyll) // Works: Poems. Articles. Letters / Comp., Entry. Art., comment. V.E. Vatsuro. - Leningrad: Fiction, 1986. - S. 23. - 472 p. - 100,000 copies.
- ↑ Zhukovsky V.A. Evening. Elegy . rvb.ru. Date of treatment July 16, 2017.
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