Peremilovskie mountains

Peremilovskie mountains are located on the northern tip of the Volga Upland in the central part of the East European (Russian) plain .

Plateau erosive terrain with absolute elevations of 130–210 m. High riverine chains of outlier ridges rise 100–150 m above the Oka. Permian native rocks ( clays , sandstones, marls , limestones, gypsums) are covered by a thin cover of loose loam and sand, sometimes stained , Jurassic and Cretaceous clays. The plateau is divided by ravines, beams, wide valleys of small rivers. ^[1] Karst landforms (caves, dips, etc.) are developed. Strongly cut by valleys of small rivers, deep branching ravines and overgrown with forests, which gives the coastal heights a picturesque view.

The relative heights of the Peremilovskiy Mountains are determined by the Oka river banks of 71 m in the vicinity of the mouth of Bolshoi Kutra and the Aleksandrovo marina and 68 m in Pavlov and, thus, not exceeding 140-150 m. ^[2]

In the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, the Peremilovskie Mountains are mentioned more than once. There is a separate article “Peremilovskie Gory”, which reads as follows:

They are also mentioned in the article “Murom” (“Murom County”):

repeats her article "Vladimir Province":

refers to the Peremilov Mountains and in the article "Eye":

There are different positions regarding what is called Peremilovskie mountains . If the dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron under the Peremilovskiy Mountains refers to a narrow strip of the elevated root bank of the Oka from Pertovo to Sapun, other authors continue the Peremilovskiy Mountains along the right bank of the Oka to Pavlovo and even to the city line of Nizhny Novgorod . While calling part of the Peremilov Mountains from Pavlovo to Nizhny Novgorod Berezopol ^[3] . In the official geographical ^[4] and environmental literature, the Peremilovskiye Mountains are understood to mean the entire northern extremity of the Volga Upland, limited from the north and northwest of the Oka, occupying the territory of Vachsky , Pavlovsky , partially Sosnovsky and other regions of the Nizhny Novgorod region ^{[5] [6]} .

On the modern "Topographic Map of the Nizhny Novgorod Region" the inscription "Peremilovskie Gory" is applied across the territory of the Sosnovsky and Pavlovsky districts, starting from Leontievo (absolute height more than 200 m), passing by the village of Laptevo, neighboring to Pavlovo (maximum height 171 m) and ending on the left bank Kishma near Vorsma (maximum height about 150 m) ^[2] .

Protected Areas

In the Permilov mountains there are a number of specially protected natural areas :

• Vachsky district : ^[6]
  • A section of forest along the slope of the root bank of the Oka River between the village of Sapun and the Pozhoga pier.
  • A section of forest along the slope of the root bank of the Oka River near the village of Korovaevo .
  • A plot of coniferous forest near the village of Zhekino .
• Sosnovsky district : ^[5]
  • Park of the village of Elizarovo .

Flora

The flora of the Permilov Mountains is very diverse. Plants of only the three above-mentioned specially protected forest areas of the Vachsky district are listed below: ^[6]

Pine , spruce , maple , smooth elm, rough elm , aspen , birch , oak , linden , goat willow , common viburnum , buckthorn brittle , common hazel, common mountain ash , bird cherry , musk adox , saxifrage , warty spruce , lingonberry , lingonberry hederacea , Calamagrostis trostnikovidnogo , reed land , peas forest , peas, fence , wintergreen rotundifolia , white sweet clover , honeysuckle forest , chickweed lanceolate , St. John's wort , strawberry timber , wintergreen umbrella , goldenrod ordinary , cane forest , acidic and , Trifolium montanum , Trifolium medium , stone bramble , bell persicifolia , nettle-leaved bellflower , European Wild Ginger , the cat's foot nettle , nettle , Kukushkin flax , Solomon's seal drug , lily of the valley , Medicago falcata , Maianthemum bifolium , raspberry ordinary , cow wheat meadow , Lungwort , juniper , common nyvyanik , scalp hairy , ortilia one-sided , sedge rhizome , sedge straight-headed , sedge hairy , sedge heather , barbarous drooping , plunny annual , common ik , Syreyshchikov’s polevnitsa , hemp saplings , perennial perennial , brittle vesicle , common raspberry, dog regernia, Siberian scad, common chickweed , spring nomad , spring meadowsweet , bluefin finch , sandy violet , blackfinch , wild boletus , wild chafferel , blackfinch , common , dogrose May , hairy hawk .

Ferns : male marshmallow, lanceolate-crested moth, binder fegopteris , female coomber , common ostrich , Linnaeus holokomnik .

Orchids : Dremlik chemericeiform , Fuchs fingernail , ovoid cache .

In the Permilovskiy Mountains there is a species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: a real shoe .

Fauna listed in the Red Book

Species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation live in the Permilov Mountains: muskrat , small tern, and in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region: owl splyushka . ^[6]

In 1878, " Vladimir Provincial Gazette " wrote ^[7] :

In the Peremilovskiye Mountains, washed by the Kutroa River, which flows into the Oka River, on the right side, near the village of Bolotnikova , 42 versts from the city of Murom , lime stones were discovered. In 1871, local residents began to mine them and immediately burn them ... For some time Bolotnikovskaya lime was used in the business and found its buyers, but soon the strong demand of alabaster - the extraction of which is considered the main business between the Bolotnikovtsy, destroyed the nascent development of lime deposits and the lime of the Bolotnikovskiy Mountains was waiting for more energetic entrepreneurs in the future.

Among the Peremilov Mountains is Mount Gorodina, the cult place of the Khlysts , on which, according to the Khlystian legend, in 1645 the Lord of hosts descended and settled in the founder of the Khlysty, Danila Filippovich . ^[8]

• Bolotnikovskaya cave

• Peremilovskie Mountains // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.