Polynik ( dr. Greek Πολυνείκης - “seeking warfare” ( πολυ- “many”, νεῖκος “enmity”, “abuse”)) - in ancient Greek mythology [1] - king Thebes , the eldest son of king Thebes of Oedipus and Jocasta [2 ] (or the youngest [3] ), the brother of Antigone , Ismen and Etheocles . Mentioned in the Iliad [4] .
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After Oedipus learned the truth about his birth and that he was married to his mother, he cursed his sons and retired into exile. Eteokles and Polynik agreed to rule one at a time, but at the end of the year Etheokles refused to give way to his brother, and Polynik was expelled from Thebes by Etheokles [5] . Or voluntarily went into exile [6] .
Arrived in Argos , where Adrast ruled. Adrast gave him his daughter Argya for him. On the shield is the head of a lion (according to the version, dressed in a lion's skin [7] ). [8] One of the Seven against Thebes [9] .
According to Pausanias (who seeks to eliminate the chronological contradiction [10] ), he left Thebes during the life of Oedipus and married the daughter of Adrast , then returned to Thebes, quarreled with Etheocles and was forced to flee [11] .
Companions of Polynik on the altar of Zeus Hyethius in Argos made a general vow to die if they could not take Thebes [12] . According to Aeschylus, they swore at the walls of Thebes, immersing their hands in the blood of a bull [13] . Before the trip, Polynik dedicated statues to Aphrodite and Ares [14] . He won the fight at the Nemean Games [15] . He stood [16] at the Highest gate of Thebes (Gypsists). Or at the Krenid Gate [17] .
In a duel, he fought with Etheocles , and the brothers killed each other [18] . According to Euripides , he was first seriously wounded by Etheocles, but killed him. According to Station, he killed his brother in a duel, but was mortally wounded by him [19] .
Children Fersander , Adrast and Timaeus [20] .
Image in Literature
The protagonist of the tragedies of Sophocles “ Oedipus in the Colon ” and Euripides “The Phoenicians ”, Seneca “The Phoenician”, poems by Publius Papinius Station “Thebaid” .
Notes
- ↑ Myths of the peoples of the world. M., 1991-92. In 2 t. T. 2. S.322
- ↑ Sophocles. Oedipus at Colonus 1422
- ↑ Euripides. The Phoenicians 73
- ↑ Homer. Iliad IV 377
- ↑ Euripides. The Phoenicians 76
- ↑ Euripides. Begging 150-151
- ↑ Gigin. Myths 69
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library III 5, 8 next
- ↑ Sophocles. Oedipus at Colonus 1324; Euripides. The Phoenicians 159-171
- ↑ The fact is that only 10 years passed between the campaign of the Seven and the campaign of the Epigones, but the son of Polynik is already an adult.
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas IX 5, 12
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas II 19, 8; Sophocles. Oedipus at Colon 1306
- ↑ Aeschylus. Seven vs. Thebes 42-48
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas II 25, 1
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library III 6, 4
- ↑ Aeschylus. Seven vs. Thebes 631–652
- ↑ Euripides. The Phoenicians 1124
- ↑ Euripides. The Phoenicians 1359-1425; Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library III 6, 8
- ↑ Stacy. Thebaid XI 447-579
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas II 20, 5
Literature
- Stacius, Publius Papinius. Thebaid. / Per. Yu. A. Shichalin, ed. S.V.Shervinsky, article by Yu. A. Shichalin, note. E.F.Shichalina. Repl. ed. M. L. Gasparov, S. V. Shervinsky. (Series "Literary Monuments"). M .: Nauka, 1991.352 pp. 10,000 copies.