Peugeot ( MFA (fr.) : [Pø.ʒo] ; the pronunciation of the name is close to “ booze ”, but the transcription “ Peugeot ” is fixed in Russian) is one of the main French car manufacturers, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën . According to 2007 data, the parent company PSA Peugeot Citroën is the second largest car manufacturer in Europe [2] . It is the largest manufacturer of light commercial vehicles in Europe (18.8% of the market) and the leader in the production of cars with low exhaust levels (26.2% of the car market with an exhaust level of less than 130 g / km).
Peugeot SA | |
---|---|
Type of | Public company included in PSA Peugeot Citroën |
Base | 1810 |
Founders | |
Location | France : Paris |
Key figures | Jean-Marc Gales (CEO), Xavier Peugeot (Marketing and Communications), Jean-Pierre Ploue (Head of Design) |
Industry | Automotive industry |
Products | Cars , bicycles , mopeds , scooters , etc. |
Turnover | ▲ € 73.3 billion (2018) |
Net profit | ▲ € 10.2 billion (2018) |
Assets | ▲ $ 82.4 billion (2018) [1] |
Number of employees | 207 800 (2007) PSA Group |
Parent company | PSA Peugeot Citroën |
Affiliated companies | |
Site | Peugeot.ru |
Company Management
On July 18, 2009, assumed the duties of CEO of Peugeot. He worked for many years in the structures of Volkswagen , General Motors and BMW . He retires to the position of Global Sales Director of the Mercedes-Benz brand. Gale confirmed the continuation of the reform of the organizational structure of the group of companies whose goal is:
- continue active globalization of the concern;
- become leaders in the field of products offered and customer satisfaction;
- improve efficiency.
To achieve these ambitions, commercial activity zones were reorganized to respond to opportunities for development, especially for markets outside Europe: Latin America , China , Russia, and Southeast Asia .
For the achievement of commercial results in the sector of corporate sales in the field of small and medium businesses, as well as sales of used cars are now responsible for the newly created relevant departments.
In Russia, Peugeot manages the activities of Francois Poirier. [3] .
History
XIX century
Family Peugeot from the town of Valantine (commune of Montbeliard , Franche-Comte , France ), began to engage in manufacturing business in the 1700s. In 1840, Peugeot launched the production of hand grinders and pepper and salt mills [4] . The patented steel mechanism guaranteed trouble-free operation, so the manufacturer provided (and still provides) a lifetime warranty on the metal elements of the pepper, salt or coffee mills. On November 20, 1858, Emil Peugeot patented the image of a lion as a trademark . The company entered the market of crinoline clothes, the design of which used steel rods [5] . It was followed by a skeleton for umbrellas , saw blades, wheel-set wheels and eventually bicycles [6] . In 1882, Armand Peugeot introduced his penny-farthing " Le Grand Bi " and a number of other bicycles. Their assembly continued until the end of the 20th century, although the automobile and bicycle companies were divided in 1926. In Russia, at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, the company was known as a manufacturer of joinery tools: stamestok, planes, drills and curls. These tools were quite expensive: for example, in 1901 a simple Peugeot plane cost 1 ruble 97 kopecks, which was comparable to the cost of a cow [7] .
Arman Peugeot early became interested in the car and after meeting with Gottlieb Daimler and others became convinced of its viability. The first Peugeot car (three-wheeled steam car designed by Leon Serpolla) was ready in 1889; collected only four pieces [4] . The steam engine was heavy and bulky and required long-term warm-up. In 1890, after meeting Daimler and Emil Levassor in a four-wheeled car, the steam engine was replaced with a gasoline internal combustion engine , which was built by Panhard under the license of Daimler. The car was harder than many of his contemporaries, with a three-pivot suspension and slippery gear [8] .
In 1892, twenty-nine cars were collected, forty were in 1894, seventy-two in 1895, 156 in 1898, and exactly three hundred in 1899 [4] . These early models were given the name "Type" and the number in order, for example, Type 12, starting in 1895. Peugeot became the first manufacturer to use rubber tires on a gasoline car (in 1895). Peugeot also became a pioneer in motor racing , taking part in the Paris-Rouen Rally race in 1894 on five cars [4] (coming to the finish line second, third {Pierre Giffard, who had conceived this test} and the fifth {Koehlin}) [8] and in 1895 in the Paris-Bordeaux race on three, where they were beaten by Panhard's car [9] . The Panhards were disqualified for a two-seater [4] , despite an average speed of 20.8 km / h [10] and a prize of 31,500 francs [10] . Here was the debut of Michelin pneumatic tires in racing [9] . In such tires the Peugeot was “shod”; they were not strong enough [4] . However, the car still looked a lot like horseless carts in appearance and was driven by a tiller.
In 1896, the world saw the first Peugeot engines; they no longer depended on Daimler. Designed by Rigulo, the first engine had 8 liters. with. and was located behind the Type 15 [9] . It also served as the basis for an almost exact copy produced by Rochet-Schneider [9] . Further improvements followed: the engine moved forward (to Type 48) and soon found itself under the hood (cover) in front of the car; on the Type 36 appeared steering wheel ; cars began to look more like a modern car.
In 1896, Armand Peugeot broke up with Les Fils de Peugeot Frères in order to establish his own company, Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot, to build a new factory at Audincourt and fully focus on cars [9] . In 1899, sales reached 300 pieces; total car sales throughout France in that year amounted to 1,200 units [9] . In the same year, Lemaith won the Nice-Castellane-Nice Rally race on a special car with an engine capacity of 5850 cm³ and a capacity of 20 liters. with. [9]
At the Paris Salon in 1901, Peugeot introduced a small single-cylinder engine with a volume of 652 cm³ and a capacity of 5 liters. with. under the name “ Bébé ” (“Kid”), developed by young novice designer Ettore Bugatti , and lost his conservative image, becoming the leader of the style [11] . Having taken the nineteenth place in 1902 in the race Paris - Vienna in a car with an engine capacity of 50 liters. with. and a volume of 11322 cm³ and unsuccessfully speaking with two similar cars, Peugeot left the race [11] .
In 1903, Peugeot added a motorcycle to a number of its products, and since then they have been produced under the Peugeot brand. By 1903, Peugeot was producing half the cars of France. The company offered for sale “Bébé” with an engine capacity of 5 liters. with., four-seater car with engines of 6.5, 8 and 12 liters. with., recalling the modern model «Mercedes» [11] .
At the Salon in 1907, the first engine with six cylinders was shown and Tony Huber was marked as a machine builder [11] . By 1910, the Peugeot production line included a two-cylinder engine with a volume of 1149 cm³ and six four-cylinder volumes from 2 to 6 liters. In 1912 a new factory opened in Sosho, which became the company's main plant in 1928. It still functions (in 2008, the plant produced 290,000 cars) [12] .
In 1912, Ettore Bugatti designed a new four-cylinder engine with a volume of 850 cm³ for Bébé [11] . In the same year, Peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver-engineers (a generation typical of the pioneer era, exemplified by Enzo Ferrari ): Jules Gu (graduate of Arts et Metiers, Paris), Paolo Zuccareli (from Hispano- Suiza ) and Georges Buallot (they were all called Les Charlatans - charlatans), with 26-year-old Swiss engineer Ernest Henry, to implement their ideas. The company decided that the race on the voiturette (passenger compact car) was insufficient, and wanted to try grandes épreuves (big tour). They did this with the development of a tour de force: DOHC 7.6 liter four-cylinder (110 × 200 mm) with four valves per cylinder [13] . He was faster than other cars of his time, and Boillo won the 1912 French Grand Prix at an average speed of 68.45 km / h, despite losing third gear and taking a twenty-minute pit stop [13] . In May 1913, Gu took the same prize in Indianapolis and won at an average speed of 75.92 km / h, with a maximum of 93.5 km / h. [13] In 1914, the 3-liter L5 Georges Bualiot set a new Indy circular record of 99.5 km / h, and Derey came second (after the former ace of Peugeot René Thomas to the Delage with 6235 cm³) [14] . The other (led by his brother Georges Buallot - Andre ) participated in 1915; similar models won in 1916 (Dario Resta) and 1919 (Hoody Wilcox) years. For the French Grand Prix of 1913, an improved L5 was released (with an engine of 5655 cm³) with a ball bearing crankshaft acting from a gear drive with camshafts and lubrication of a dry pallet; All this soon became the standard for racing cars. Zuccherelli died during a test on public roads [13] , but Georges Bouillo easily won the race, making him (and Peugeot) the first double winner [14] . In 1914, the French GP Peugeot was opposed by Mercedes , and despite the innovation, four-wheel brakes (Benz has only rear brakes) Boillo could not cope with them, and the car broke down [14] . The 1914 model gained almost 103 km / h on the Indy in 1949, but was still not able to qualify [15] . Peugeot was more lucky in 1915 at the French GP and the Vanderbilt Cup [14] 90.
During the First World War, Peugeot was mainly engaged in the production of weapons, and became the main manufacturer of weapons and military vehicles, from bicycles to tanks and shells.
Between two wars
After World War I, car production is resumed seriously. The races also continued, Georges Boillo participated in the Targa Florio 1919 in a 2.5-liter car, designed specifically; the car had 200,000 kilometers , but still Boillo with an impressive engine (the best of his career) won [15] . Peugeot in his hands came third in 1925 Targa, the first in 1922 and 1925 Coppa Florio, the first in 1923 and 1925 Touring Car Grands Prix and the first in 1926 24 Hours Spa [15] . Peugeot introduced the five valves to the cylinder, a triple engine with an upstream camshaft for the Grand Prix, conceived by Marcel Gramillon (who criticized the early DOHC); but the engine failed [15] .
In the same year, Peugeot made his debut 10 and 14 liters. with., more based on the Type 153, and a 6-liter tubular valve with 25 liters. with., and a new mini-motorcycle car with a motorcycle engine, La Quadrilette [15] .
In the 1920s. Peugeot expanded, closing the bicycle business in 1926 to form Cycles Peugeot, a consistently profitable bicycle division, trying to break free from the too large bicycle-car business and take control of the defunct Bellanger and De Dion companies in 1927 [15] . In 1928, the Type 183 was born.
A novelty in 1929 was the Peugeot 201, the cheapest car on the French market [15] , featuring the Peugeot trademark (later registered) - three digits with a zero in the center. In 1931, the 201 received an independent front suspension [16] . Subsequently comes the Depression; Peugeot sales have declined, but the company survived.
In 1933, in an effort to revive wealth, the company introduced a new, aerodynamically styled series of machines. In 1934, Peugeot released the 402 BL Éclipse Décapotable, the first convertible with a retractable sedan [17] - the Ford Skyliner later continued this idea in the 1950s, and in 1995 restored the Mitsubishi 3000GT Spyder. Later, many manufacturers offered retractable sedans, including the Peugeot itself with an engine capacity of 206 cm³.
The most interesting three models of the thirties - Peugeot 202, Peugeot 302 and Peugeot 402. These cars had magnificent cases, headlights behind a mown grille, obviously inspired by Chrysler Airflow [18] . The 2.1-liter 402 went into production in 1935 and was produced until the end of 1941, despite the Nazis occupation of France [18] . For 1936, there was a new inspired Airflow 302 (working before 1938) and a large model based on the 402, designed by Andrean and having a vertical stabilizer and bumper, with the first high-mounted tail light [18] . A simple 202 was consistently produced from 1938–1942, and about 20 more copies were collected from existing blanks for deliveries in February 1945. 202 raised Peugeot sales in 1939 to 52,796, only Citroën had more [19] . Regular production began again in mid-1946, and continued in 1949.
During World War II, Peugeot created the Peugeot VLV electric car. . The release was announced on May 1, 1941, and in 1942 cars with electric motors and 4 batteries went on sale. The demand for such a novelty was caused by a shortage of gasoline due to the German occupation policy. A total of 377 cars were built before the government banned Peugeot VLV .
After World War II
In 1946, the company restarted the production of cars from 202 [19] , providing 14,000 copies [18] . In 1947, Peugeot introduced Peugeot 203 with coil springs, rack and pinion controls and hydraulic brakes [19] . Peugeot 203 set a new Peugeot sales record, remaining in production until 1960 [18] .
In 1950, Peugeot took over Chenard-Walcker and bought a part of Hotchkiss [19] , then introduced the popular model in 1955: Peugeot 403. With a 1.5-liter engine, it was a success: one million copies were sold by the end of its mass production. in 1962.
In 1958, the company began selling cars in the United States, and in 1960 a Peugeot 404 appeared, which used a 1618 cm³ version of the 403 engine, inclined by 45 °. 404 were frisky enough to win East African Safari Rally four times in six years between 1963 and 1968.
Then other models appeared, the design of many of which was created by the Italian studio Pininfarina , for example 504 Coupe , which became one of the most unusual models of Peugeot. Like most European manufacturers, increased cooperation with other firms; from 1966, Peugeot worked with Renault , and from 1972 with Volvo . Together with them, a powerful 2.7-liter V6 engine was created, which was installed on the top models of all three brands, in particular, on the Peugeot 604 .
Citroën Capture and PSA Formation
In 1974, Peugeot bought a 30% stake in Citroën , and in 1975 became fully owner after the French government gave large sums of money to the new company. Citroën got into financial trouble due to the fact that he developed too many radically new models. Some of them, especially the Citroën SM and the Comotor rotary machine venture, were unprofitable. Others, Citroën CX and Citroën GS, for example, have gained popularity in the market.
The PSA (Peugeot Société Anonyme) group was a joint venture company, which was aimed at preserving separate identifications for both brands: Peugeot and Citroën , sharing engineering and technical resources. Peugeot thus controlled the valuable Maserati racemark , but got rid of it in May 1975 due to short-term financial problems.
Both Citroen fans and autojournalists pointed out that the company's innovations and talent helped to overcome the marked recession. Citroën remains popular with customers, and products now reach over a million units annually.
Chrysler Europe
In 1978, the group became the owner of Chrysler 's European division (which was formerly Rootes and Simca ). Further investment was required, for PSA decided to create a new brand based on the Talbot sports car, last seen in the 1950s. Since then, a whole series of Chrysler / Simca has been sold under the Talbot badge, until the production of branded passenger cars was postponed in 1986.
The flagship of this brand was Tagora, a direct competitor for PSA Peugeot 604 and Citroën CX models.
80s — 00s
The investment caused serious financial problems for the entire PSA group; from 1980 to 1985, PSA lost profit. Peugeot Chrysler Europe's takeover showed Chrysler Sunbeam's aging, Horizon , Avenger and Alpine series re-labeled as Talbot. There were also new Talbot in the early 1980s - Solara (salon version of the Alpine hatchback) and Samba (a small hatchback to replace the Sunbeam).
In 1984, PSA developed its first contacts with China , which leads to the successful Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile enterprise in Juhani.
In 1986, the company ceased to use the Talbot brand for passenger cars when it ceased production of Simca-based Horizon / Alpine / Solara models. What should have been called Talbot Arizona was Peugeot 309, and the former Rootes factory at Ryton-on-Dunsmore and Simca's enterprise at Poissy were converted to Peugeot. The production of Peugeot in Ryton was significant since it first reported when Peugeot was built in the UK. The Talbot name survived a little longer on commercial vehicles — until 1992.
Like other European-level automakers, American and Canadian Peugeot sales hesitated and finally became uneconomical. . Several ideas to completely change sales in the United States, including such cars as the Peugeot 205, were considered, but this did not go further. In the early nineties, the fresh Peugeot 405 proved non-competitive with domestic and import models in the same market segment, and less than 1000 units were sold. Total sales fell to 4,261 units in 1990 and 2,240 during July 1991. This forced the company to cease operations in the United States and Canada after 33 years of presence. Currently, no plans to return to the US market are known.
Peugeot currently sells vehicles in Mexico. Since the late 1990s, when Jean-Martin Foltz became president of the PSA , the optimal balance between Peugeot and Citroën production was found.
After the 2000s
On April 18, 2006, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced the closure of the Ryton plant in Coventry, England. This message resulted in a loss of 2,300 jobs, as well as approximately 5,000 jobs in the supply chain. The company collected the latest Peugeot 206 December 12, 2006 and closed in January 2007
In 2008, the company's sales were at less than 2 million cars. In mid-2009, a fall in sales and operating losses were attributed to an unfavorable situation on the market and in the industry. Instead of Christian Strife, Philippe Waren took the post of executive director of the company. Jean-Pierre Plouet was appointed design director from Citroën. In 2009, Peugeot returned to the Canadian market, but only with its scooters.
Peugeot continues to plan the development of new models to compete in those segments in which it is not yet involved. [ what? ] . Collen [ who? ] states that in 2007 the French automaker competed in 72% of market segments, but in the future it intends to increase this figure to 90%. Despite Peugeot’s participation in car racing programs, the company is not ready to create a fully-fledged sports car that surpasses the RC Z coupe sport model. The main explanation for this is the fact that the company is trying to convince the government that it is necessary to finance a diesel-hybrid powertrain .
By 2010, Peugeot was planning to enter new markets, particularly in China, Russia and South America. In 2011, 14 years later, the company decided to return to the Indian market and start building a new plant in Sananda, Gujarat [20] .
In March 2012, General Motors acquires a 7% stake in Peugeot for 320 million euros as part of a partnership aimed at optimizing costs through joint purchases and product development. In December 2013, GM sells its entire stake in Peugeot with a loss of about 70 million euros [21] .
In October 2013, Peugeot closes its plant in One-sous-Bouaw, as part of the restructuring plan, in order to reduce excess production capacity in the context of falling domestic demand [22] .
By December 2013, information appeared about the possible attraction of Chinese investors [23] .
In February 2014, the Peugeot family agreed to cede control over the company, reducing its share of participation from 25% to 14%. Under this agreement, Dongfeng Motors and the French government acquired 14% of the company's shares, which resulted in three owners with equal voting rights [24] [25] [26] .
The Board of Directors was supposed to have six independent members — two representatives each from Dongfeng, the French government, and the Peugeot family, as well as two representatives of employees and shareholders who are employees [27] .
The French government has stated that there is no need to approve a deal on the part of Brussels, since EU law on the protection of competition does not apply to public investment in enterprises under conditions similar to those for private investment.
The acquisition by Dongfeng of the participation share served to strengthen the promising cooperation with Peugeot. At that time, the partners jointly operated three automobile factories in the PRC, which produced 750,000 cars per year. In July 2014, the Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën joint venture announced its plans to build a fourth plant in the PRC in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, which was supposed to produce 300,000 off-road sports and universal cars per year starting in late 2016 [28] .
In January 2015, the Indian transnational auto giant Mahindra & Mahindra acquired a controlling stake (51%) of Peugeot Motocycles for 28 million euros [29] .
Peugeot’s future development plan includes expansion on two fronts. . First, it plans to develop new models to compete in those segments where it currently does not play a significant role. Colleen [ who? ] believes that the French automaker currently competes in 72% of the market segments, but it should reach 90%. Despite the Peugeot sportscar racing program, the company is not ready to assemble a clean sports car, more powerful than the future sports coupe 308 RC Z. It is pursuing budget funding to develop a diesel-hybrid transmission.
Peugeot also plans to seize new markets, namely: in China, Russia (where the car assembly plant was built in Kaluga) and South America. However, as long as a return to the North American market is being considered, especially in the light of a weak US dollar, Collin argues that such a move will take several years. .
Car dealerships
Peugeot has its own showrooms, designed not for selling cars, but for demonstrating the latest achievements of the company in the field of sports, design, presentation of new products of the company and the sale of souvenirs and accessories, located on Champs Elysees in Paris, as well as in Berlin. The Berlin showroom is larger than in Paris, but both feature regularly changing mini-shows featuring concept cars and production cars. And there are also small Peugeot Boutique, and these are popular places among fans. The Peugeot Avenue Berlin also houses a Café, called Café de France.
An extensive dealer network has been created for the sale of Peugeot cars. The company operates in 150 countries. The dealer network in Europe has more than 2,800 car dealerships and 7,249 service stations (including Russia). In 2007, dealers around the world managed to realize 3,428,400 Peugeot cars.
European car of the year
Peugeot won the European Car of the Year award five times.
- 1969 - Peugeot 504
- 1988 - Peugeot 405
- 2002 - Peugeot 307
- 2014 - Peugeot 308
- 2017 - Peugeot 3008 [30]
Other Peugeot models came in competition either second or third.
- 1980 - Peugeot 505
- 1984 - Peugeot 205
- 1996 - Peugeot 406
- 1999 - Peugeot 206
Electric cars
- Electric Peugeot 106 . This model was produced from 1995 to 2003. During all this time, the concern Peugeot has produced the largest number of electric vehicles.
- Peugeot presented at the Paris Motor Show a new concept hybrid-electric sports sedan. Similar to the powertrain model used in the new Chevy Volt , the Peugeot RC 2009 concept promises the ability to operate solely on electric power for a long time, with a hybrid-electric transmission filling up when additional charge is needed [31] . The Peugeot RC HYmotion4 has a 70 kW electric motor on the front wheels [32] .
- Peugeot PROLOGUE HYmotion4 is the exact opposite of the concept of the same company RC HYmotion4. The Prologue has a diesel engine and is located in the front, and the electric drive is at the rear [33] .
- The presentation of the electric concept Peugeot iOn took place in September 2009 at the Frankfurt Motor Show . In November 2009, Peugeot started accepting pre-orders for this model (for the UK, Italy, Spain, Germany, France) on the website of the concern Peugeot. Production of Peugeot iOn is scheduled for the end of 2010, but already in November 2009, 9 international companies confirmed their readiness to purchase Peugeot iOn for their subsidiaries throughout Europe. Peugeot iOn, developed in conjunction with the engineers of Mitsubishi Motors Corp. , with the help of lithium-ion batteries , with a capacity of 47 kW (64 hp. pp.), it reaches a speed of up to 130 km / h, and most importantly, it can travel up to 130 km without recharging (despite the fact that 80% of drivers in Europe pass no more than 60 km per day).
Autosport
Early
Peugeot was involved in motor racing from the very first days and presented five cars for the Paris-Rouen Trials in 1894, when one of them, driven by Lemaitre, took second place. These tests are usually regarded as the first automotive sports competition. Participation in a variety of races continued until World War I , but in 1912 Peugeot made his most famous contribution to autosport history, when one of the cars running Georges Buallot won the French Grand Prix in Dieppe. This revolutionary car was equipped with a four-cylinder engine designed by Ernest Henry under the guidance of technically knowledgeable riders Paul Zuccarelli and Georges Boillo. The design was very different among racing engines, as it first showed DOHC and four valves per cylinder, providing high revs, which was a radical departure from previous models, which relied on a huge displacement for power. In 1913, a Peugeot-like design of a Grand Prix car in 1912 defeated the French Grand Prix in Amiens and 500 miles of Indianapolis . When one of the Peugeot racers remained in the United States during the war and spare parts could not be purchased from France during the 1914 season, owner Bob Burma found help in the Harry Miller shop in the face of a young mechanic named Fred Offenhauser. Their acquaintance with the Peugeot engine was the basis for the famous Miller racing engine, which was later finalized at Offenhauser.
Rally
Peugeot left a significant mark in the international rally , especially in the World Cup on versions with a turbine engine and four-wheel drive Peugeot 205, and later Peugeot 206 . In 1981, Jean Todt , a former replacement driver for Hannu Mikkola, Timo Mäkinen and Guy Fréquelin among others, at the request of Jean Baillot, head of Automobiles Peugeot, created the competition department for PSA Peugeot Citroën [34] . The final Peugeot Talbot Sport debuted its Group B 205 Turbo 16 on the 1984 Tour de Corse in May, and won the first world victory the same year at 1000 Lakes Rally in August in the hands of Ari Watanen [35] . In addition to endurance racing, where Peugeot did not participate, Vatanen came first in the world rally five times in a row.
Peugeot dominance continued in the 1985 season. Despite an accident with a difficult outcome in Rally Argentina in the middle of the season, Vatanen's teammate and fellow countryman Timo Salonen led Peugeot to the first champions in the world championship among drivers and manufacturers, leaving Audi and their Audi Sport Quattro far behind. In the 1986 season, a young replacement for Vatanen Juha Kankkunen beat Lancia Markku Alén to the title of the champion among drivers and Peugeot took the second title among the manufacturers, ahead of Lancia. When the FIA banned Group B cars from driving in 1987, in May after the accident of Henri Toivonen, Todt was offended and even (unsuccessfully) filed a lawsuit against the federation [34] . Peugeot then switched to rally raids. On cars 205 and 405, Peugeot won the Dakar Rally four times in a row from 1987 to 1990; three times Vatanen and once Kankkunen.
In 1999, Peugeot returned to the World Championship with a 206 WRC . The car immediately proved to be competitive against such opposition as the Subaru Impreza WRC , the Ford Focus WRC and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution . Marcus Gronholm gave the car the first victory in the 2000 Swedish Rally, and Peugeot continued to win the title of manufacturers. After successfully defending his title in 2001, Peugeot Sport dominated the 2002 season, scoring eight wins in the hands of Gronholm and Gilles Panizzi . Gronholm also won the title of drivers. For the 2004 season, Peugeot removed 206 WRC in favor of the new 307 WRC. 307 WRC did not match its predecessor's success, but Gronholm won three times on this car, once in 2004 and twice in 2005. PSA Peugeot Citroën withdrew Peugeot from the WRC after the 2005 season, while Citroën started in 2005 and returned during the next season.
Auto racing
In the mid-1990s, the Peugeot 406 sedan challenged the championship among touring cars all over the world, gaining success in France, Germany and Australia, yet not being able to win individual races in the British Touring Car Championship despite the many victories of the 1992 Champion team Tim Harvey.
Британские автомобили в 1996 готовил Prodrive, когда они носили красную ливрею, и MSD в 1997—1998, когда они носили отличительный дизайн зелёного и золотого пламени. Первоначально ответственность за нехватку успеха 406 возложили на проблемы с подвеской. В течение 1998 406 очевидно испытывали недостаток в достаточной лошадиной силе, чтобы конкурировать с вероятными претендентами Nissan Primera и Honda Accord; это было упомянуто во время особенно сильного выступления 406 Харви на встрече Oulton Park BTCC 1998, когда автокомментатор Чарли Кокс заявил, что «некоторые люди говорят, будто у (406) маленькая мощность — ты шутишь». Во время первой встречи BTCC в Silverstone в том же самом году, Кокс упоминает, что MSD перепроектировал туристический автомобиль 406 «снизу доверху».
В 2001 Пежо представил три купе 406 для британского авточемпионата, чтобы конкурировать с доминирующими купе Vauxhall Astra. Купе 406 заканчивал свой продуктивный жизненный цикл и не был конкурентоспособен, несмотря на некоторое обещание к концу года, особенно когда Стив Сопер шёл впереди и двигатель отказал на последних кругах. Купе 406 были удалены в конце следующего года, и в 2003 году их заменил Peugeot 307.
Гонки на спортивных автомобилях
Peugeot Type 5 был построен специально для участия в автосоревнованиях. В первом же из них, гонке по маршруту Париж — Бордо — Париж, Type 5 одержал победу. Данная гонка 1894 года считается первым соревнованием во Франции, в котором участвовали автомобили (или самокатные экипажи, как их называли в то время).
В 1990-х годах компания участвовала в мировом чемпионате как и в гонке 24 часа Ле-Мана с Peugeot 905. После первых проблем с надёжностью и аэродинамикой, 905 познал успех в мировом чемпионате, победив в восьми из 14 гонок сезонов 1991 и 1992 и завоевав титулы групп и водителей в 1992. Пежо также выиграл 24 Часа Ле-Мана в 1992 и 1993 гг.
Пежо вернулся к гонкам спорткаров и Ле-Ману в 2007 с дизельным Peugeot 908 HDi FAp. В 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans Стефан Сарразан защищал поул-позицию , но 908 уступил победу Audi . В 2008 Сарразан снова заработал поул-позицию, но Ауди ещё раз одержал верх. В 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans Peugeot 908 HDi FAP пришли в целом первым и вторым, за рулями сидели Марк Жене , Дэвид Брэбем и Александр Вурц .
Formula 1
Компания также занималась обеспечением двигателями команд Формулы-1 правда без особого успеха, для Макларена в 1994 г. , для Джордана в сезонах 1995 , 1996 и 1997 гг. и для Проста в сезонах 1998 , 1999 и 2000 . Asiatech купил активы F1 Пежо в конце сезона 2000 и ещё два года поставлял под своим именем двигатели разработки Пежо Эрроузу в 2001 и Минарди в 2002-м.
Прочие продукты
- Пежо также собирал велосипеды, начиная с 1882, в Бьюли, Франция (десять побед Tour de France между 1903 и 1983), что продолжилось мотоциклами и автомобилями в 1889. В конце 1980-х Пежо продал североамериканские права на название велосипеда Peugeot фирме ProCycle в Канаде (также известной как CCM и лучше известной своей экипировкой для хоккея ), а европейские права — Cycleurope SA
- Пежо остаётся главным производителем скутеров , мотоциклов , мопедов и велосипедов в Европе [36] [37] .
Peugeot Scoot'Elec — скутер с электромотором.
Модели автотранспортных средств
Models
- Peugeot Type 2 , Peugeot Type 3 , Peugeot Type 5 , Peugeot Type 6 , Peugeot Type 7 , Peugeot Type 8 , Peugeot Type 9 , Peugeot Type 10 , Peugeot Type 11 , Peugeot Type 12 , Peugeot Type 13 , Peugeot Type 18 , Peugeot Type 14 , Peugeot Type 15 , Peugeot Type 17 , Peugeot Type 19 , Peugeot Type 20
- 104 , 106 , 107 , 108
- 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208
- 301 ( 301 (2012) ), 302 , 304 , 305 , 306 , 307 , 308 , 309
- 401 , 402 , 403 , 404 , 405 , 406 , 407 , 408
- 504 , 505 , 508
- 601 , 604 , 605 , 607
- 806 , 807
- 905 , 907 , 908
- 1007 , 2008 , 3008 , 4007 , 4008 , 5008
- Partner
- Bipper
- Expert
- Boxer
- D3/D3A
- D4/D4A
- Hoggar
- J5 / J7 / J9
- P4
- Pars
- RCZ
- iOn
Concept Cars
- Type 1(Serpollet-Peugeot)
- 20 Cup
- 307 CC Hybrid HDi
- 607 Feline
- 907 RC
- 908 RC
- 4002
- Proxima
- Quark
- RC
- Flux
- 308 RCZ
- HYbrid3 compressor
- BB1
- HYbrid3 Evolution
- SR1
- EX1
Other
- D3A
- D4A
- J7
- J9 (микроавтобус)
- J5
- P4
- Pars (также известный как Persia)
- Type 15
- VLV
Production volumes
В 2007 году объём производства составил 1 957 100 автомобилей.
Gallery
Peugeot 206
Peugeot 404
Peugeot Jetforce
Peugeot 907
Peugeot SR1
See also
- Automotive industry
Notes
- ↑ The World's Biggest Public Companies List - Forbes
- ↑ WORLD RANKING OF MANUFACTURERS (англ.) (PDF). oica.net . Дата обращения 23 декабря 2008. Архивировано 27 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ Франсуа Пуарье: «Каждый открываемый дилерский центр должен отвечать потребностям рынка» // Газета Континент-Сибирь, № 50 (743), 27 Декабря 2011 года
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Georgano, 1985 , p. 22
- ↑ Дейвид Э. М. Жертвы моды: опасная одежда прошлого и наших дней . — Новое Литературное Обозрение, 2017-10-06. — 1011 с. — ISBN 9785444808566 .
- ↑ Darke, 1974 , p. 1682.
- ↑ Топорная история Архивировано 24 сентября 2015 года.
- ↑ 1 2 Darke, 1974 , p. 1683.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Darke, 1974 , p. 1684.
- ↑ 1 2 Georgano, 1985 , p. 20.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Darke, 1974 , p. 1685.
- ↑ Darke, 1974 , p. 1686.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Darke, 1974 , p. 1688.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Darke, 1974 , p. 1689.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Darke, 1974 , p. 1690.
- ↑ Darke, 1974 , p. 1692.
- ↑ Rob Sass. New Again: The Hideaway Hardtop (англ.) . The New York Times (10 December 2006).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Darke, 1974 , p. 1693.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Darke, 1974 , p. 1694.
- ↑ Peugeot marks re-entry into India - News - Autocar India . web.archive.org (7 декабря 2011). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Peugeot Plunges After GM Sells Entire 7% Holding .
- ↑ Jolly, David . End of a Line Reflects a Weakened Peugeot , The New York Times (25 октября 2013). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Jolly, David . Investment From China May Be Near for Peugeot , The New York Times (12 декабря 2013). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Chinese Automaker Dongfeng to Invest $1.1 Billion in Peugeot | TIME.com . web.archive.org (19 февраля 2014). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Gough, Neil . Chinese Firm and France to Buy Stakes in Peugeot , The New York Times (18 февраля 2014). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Jolly, David . After Two Centuries, Peugeot Family Cedes Control , The New York Times (19 февраля 2014). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ "PSA Peugeot Citroën announces major business and financial projects for the development and growth of the Group" .
- ↑ China News - Partners Peugeot and Dongfeng to build fourth car factory in Sichuan . web.archive.org (14 июля 2014). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Mahindra completes 51% stake acquisition in Peugeot Motocycles , The Economic Times (21 января 2015). The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
- ↑ Peugeot 3008 - лучший европейский автомобиль 2017 . euronews (7 марта 2017). The appeal date is June 22, 2017.
- ↑ 2009 Peugeot RC Hybrid Electric Concept Price, Specs & More . RSportsCars.com. Дата обращения 27 апреля 2009. Архивировано 27 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ Sam Abuelsamid. Paris 2008: Peugeot RC HYmotion4 (англ.) . Autobloggreen.com (3 October 2008). Дата обращения 27 апреля 2009. Архивировано 27 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ Sam Abuelsamid. Paris 2008: Peugeot Prologue HYmotion4 diesel hybrid (англ.) . Autobloggreen.com (4 October 2008). Дата обращения 27 апреля 2009. Архивировано 27 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ 1 2 Who is... Jean Todt? (eng.) Grandprix.com . Дата обращения 22 сентября 2008. Архивировано 27 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 (англ.) . World Rally Archive . Дата обращения 22 сентября 2008. Архивировано 27 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ ア ー カ イ ブ さ れ た コ ピ ー . Дата обращения 17 июля 2009. Архивировано 20 февраля 2008 года.
- ↑ Peugeot :: Scooters :: Accueil Архивировано 5 октября 2007 года.
Literature
- Paul Darke. Peugeot: The Oldest of Them All // The World of automobiles / Ian Ward, executive editor. — London: Orbis, 1974. — Vol. 15. — 2640 p.
- GN Georgano. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. — London: Grange-Universal, 1985.
Links
- International Peugeot Automobile web site (англ.) .
- Официальный сайт Peugeot
- Peugeot official website (ital.)
- Peugeot in the directory directory Open Directory Project (dmoz) (English) .
- The Peugeot Museum at Sochaux (Eng.) .