Jono Basanavichiaus Street

Traditionally bore the name of Bolshaya Pogulianka ( Polish: Wielka Pohulanka ), until 1915 it was officially called Pogulyanskaya Street. The name has been rooted since the time when the street and the surrounding area were not yet built up and here was a favorite place for walks of the city residents. After the transfer of Vilnius to Lithuania in 1940, it was named after Basanavichyus, in the spring of 1941 it was decided to rename it to Stalin Avenue (and Gedimin Avenue , which bore Stalin's name after the Second World War , from 1952, was then called Lenin Avenue), however, as far as is known, the solution was not implemented ^[1] .

Ministry of Culture

On the right north side of the street in the building at number 5 ( Jono Basanavičiaus g. 5 ) is the Ministry of Culture of Lithuania . The building belongs to the monuments of architecture, representing one of the examples of historicism . It was built in 1900-1901 according to the project of the architect and engineer Konstantin Koroyedov, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers , for a major industrialist, banker and philanthropist Israel Bunimovich, the owner of the Victoria factory. The construction of the building with a richly decorated facade is based on reinforced concrete and brickwork. It consists of a three-story main building, which overlooks the street with its facade, and two courtyard risalits , standing around a semi-closed courtyard. Two- and four-story risalits are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the building and add variety to the spatial organization of the facade, forming a single whole with the bulk of the building.

The main facade of the building facing the street is symmetrical. The ground floor is finished with rust . The central part is distinguished by a balcony on the second floor, a large order pilasters and a magnificent parapet . A small asymmetry is introduced by the arched opening of the entrance to the courtyard located on the right side. On the left, niches with windows repeat the shape of the opening. Friezes , parapets, windows of the second and third floors are richly decorated with stucco moldings with floral and geometric motifs and cartouches . The building has preserved ceiling moldings, painted fireplaces, parquet intarsia , carved doors, tiled with tiles and decorated with bas-reliefs of the stove. A lobby with neo - baroque metal railings and ceiling moldings adorns the lobby.

Here, shops were located in the lower basement with large display windows and apartments were equipped. In 1929, the building was overhauled. In 1945, the house was nationalized and since 1953 the Ministry of Culture was located in it. In 1971, the building was reconstructed by the architect Antanas Kunigelis : from the side of the courtyard the building was increased by one floor, some rooms were partitioned. During reconstruction, part of the premises was removed old stucco. ^[2] . In 2005 - 2006 another reconstruction of the building was carried out. During the reconstruction of 1971, two new “Holiday” stained-glass windows of thick colored glass mounted on concrete were inserted into the windows of the stairs (1971; painter Casimeras Morkunas ). A smaller stained glass window (1.61 x 2.85 m) is located between the first and second floor, a larger one (1.73 x 5.3 m) between the second and third. ^[3]

Pogulianka Theater

In the depths of a small square at number 13 stands the building of the Russian Drama Theater of Lithuania ( Jono Basanavičiaus g. 13 ). The building, known as the Theater on Pogulianka , is one of the most significant buildings of the city of cultural purpose. It was erected for the Polish Drama Theater in 1912 - 1913 according to the project of architects Vaclav Mikhnevich and Alexander Parczewski . In its architectural appearance, reminiscences of Baroque architecture and Romanesque style are noticeable.

In 1920 - 1939 the theater was called the Bolshoi. In 1925 - 1929, the Polish Reduta Theater was operating in this building under the direction of Juliusz Osterva . In 1948 - 1974 the State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater worked here, then the Drama Theater of the Lithuanian SSR ( 1974 - 1981 ), later the Youth Theater , now (since 1986 ) - the Russian Drama Theater . ^[four]

Polessky Railway Administration

Opposite the theater building on the corner of Basanavichiaus and Mindaugo is one of the tallest houses in the city until the mid- 20th century . It housed the Polesski Railways Office, after World War II - the Lithuanian Railway (now the building of the Lithuanian Railways Joint Stock Company ( „Lietuvos geležinkeliai" ; J. Basanavičiaus g. 14 / Mindaugo g. 12 ).

Boy with galoshes

On a small platform at the intersection of Basanavičiaus and Minadugo streets, there is a monument to the French writer Romain Gary by the sculptor Romas Quintas . The bronze sculpture, created back in 2003 , depicts Gary’s autobiographical hero, Promise at Dawn, a boy with galoshes that he is ready to eat to prove his love. The novel takes place on Pogulianka, and the writer himself lived in a house nearby (18 Jono Basanavičiaus Street). The monument was erected on the initiative of the Vilnius Club of Romain Gary with the support of the railway company Lietuvos geležinkeliai ( Lietuvos geležinkeliai ) and the Litvak Foundation ( Litvakų fondas ) and was opened on June 22, 2007 . ^{[5] [6]}

Basanavichiaus 15

After the Second World War, the Oktyabrsky District Executive Committee was located in the house at number 15. This four-story building of neobarochnyh forms of the beginning of the end of the XIX century was built in 1896 - 1897 , presumably according to the project of architect Tadeusz Rostvorovsky . The house stands out with its clear composition and rich facade decoration . Two compositional axes passing through the center of the front are emphasized by protrusions. The main portals are decorated with stucco moldings with images of lion heads, shells and arabesques. Large windows above the entrance with semicircular arches and framed by pilasters of the Corinthian order , supporting a garland decorated with garlands with a cornice and small triangular pediments . Frames divide the front windows into rhombuses. The basement surface is smooth, and there is a rust on the second floor. On the third floor, thin half-columns with flutes and Corinthian capitals are built into the window openings. In round niches, identical sculptural male and female heads alternate between them. Window openings adorn high relief hermas . ^[7]

Janov's House

On the opposite corner of the street, at the crossroads of the current Basanavičiaus and Mindaugo streets (Basanavičiaus 16 / Mindaugo 5), there is an imposing neo-Gothic building , where the first Lithuanian school in Vilnius was located in 1915 - 1918 (Vilnius 1st male gymnasium). The house was built in 1897 - 1900 according to the project of Konstantin Koroyedov on the corner of Bolshaya Pogulianka and Kavkazskaya streets by order of Yanov as a multi-apartment apartment building with commercial establishments in the basement. Later it belonged to the well-known family of Vilna businessmen and industrialists of the Old Believers Pimenov. During the First World War , a Lithuanian gymnasium was founded here in October 1915. The first director of this gymnasium was the famous Lithuanian public and political figure Mikolas Biržiška . In the same year, the gymnasium was transferred to the Ritas Society and in 1916 it became known as the Vilnius Lithuanian Gymnasium of the Ritas Society, in 1918 - the First Vilnius Men's Gymnasium, and in 1921 - the Vytautas the Great Gymnasium (in another building). The gymnasium was taught by prominent Lithuanian politicians and cultural figures Jonas Basanavičius , Antanas Smetona , Aleksandras Stulginskis , Jonas Vileisis , Kazis Bizauskas and others.

After World War II, the upper floors of the building were occupied by residential apartments and various institutions. Currently, the building houses private apartments, various institutions (the headquarters of the Social Democratic Party , the Lithuanian Bible Society, a travel agency and others) and shops.

The facade of the northern building with an entrance goes along Basanavičiaus street, the eastern building - along Mindaugo street. The decor of the building is dominated by elements of the neo-Gothic style. Repeated elements give symmetry to the plastered facade: windows located in a clear rhythm, and protrusions in thickened walls that highlight the entrances and stairs. The middle (angular) part on both sides is surrounded by ledges in the wall. Horizontally, the house is divided by variously decorated window borders. The windows of the basement, second and third floors are rectangular, the windows of the fourth floor are in the form of pointed arches resembling Gothic architecture.

Between the windows of the first floor are depicted blades with a ribbon rustic , animating the plane of the wall with a game of chiaroscuro and creating the impression of a massive building. The upper span occupies the third and fourth floors. The window openings are distinguished by paired half-columns with capitals decorated with grape ornaments. In the rounded niches between the arched windows, the sculptural heads of a man and a woman are repeated alternately. The windows on the ledges in the wall, more closely grouped and framed by a common border, are underlined by pilasters . Above the arched windows of the fourth floor there are rosettes characteristic of the neo-Gothic style. The stepped parapets of the protrusions are decorated with semicircular niches, cartouches , turrets with denticles placed at an angle. The middle curved part of the facade is completed by a parapet with rectangular niches and denticles (not fully preserved).

In the central part of the building, characteristic small balconies with a stone fence decorated with rosettes stand out. Decor elements and the light brown color of the brick facade are associated with a neo-Gothic style. The facade of the building is included in the list of architectural monuments of local importance. ^[8]

Romain Gary's House

Roman Katsev ( 1914 - 1980 ) lived in the house at number 18 in 1917-1923, who became a French military man, diplomat and famous writer ( Romain Gary ), twice winner of the Goncourt Prize . This is reminded of the memorial table installed on the facade of the house with text in Lithuanian and French , noting that this house is described in his autobiographical novel, “Promise at Dawn” ( “La promesse de l'aube” ( 1960 , Russian translation 1993 ).

Bulota House

Built in the Art Nouveau style at the end of the 19th century, the apartment building at number 19 belonged to the famous Lithuanian public figure and lawyer Andrius Bulot ( Andrei Andreevich Bulat ). He was elected a member of the State Duma , was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party since 1917, and was a member of the Constituent Assembly .

The four-story house is built of brick and covered with plaster . The main facade is decorated with stucco and glazed tiles. In 1913 - 1914, Julia емemaitė lived here (the apartment in which the Lithuanian writer lived was not installed). In 1961, a memorial plate with an inscription in Lithuanian and Russian was installed on the wall of the house. The house is listed among historical monuments of republican significance. ^[9]

Romanov Church

The Church of Saints Konstantin and Mikhail (Konstantin-Mikhailovsky Church) was erected in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov House on Zakretnaya Square, which was then the highest point of the city. The temple was built according to the project of the Moscow architect V. D. Adamovich ^[10] in the “Russian style”, reproducing the old Russian Rostov-Suzdal style. Inside the temple was painted in the old Russian spirit (until now, the original paintings have not been preserved). The church in the name of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Tsar Constantine and the Monk Michael Malein was consecrated in May 1913 by the Archbishop Agnosticus (Preobrazhensky) of Vilna and Lithuania, consecrated by Bishop Elephantius (Epiphany) , Vicar Kovensky, and Bishop of Minsk and Turovnoyolof Metropolitan of Minsk Fedorovna (Romanova) . ^[eleven]

Not far from the Romanov Church since 1800 there was an evangelical cemetery. In the 1950s, it was eliminated. A park was built in its place and the Wedding Palace was built. Only the mausoleum of the professor of surgery Frederic Nishkovsky ( 1816 or 1819 ) has been preserved from the cemetery. It is assumed that Shimon Konarsky , who was executed in 1839, was buried in the evangelical cemetery. На месте, где он был расстрелян, в 1924 году был установлен памятный камень (на юго-запад от кладбища, рядом с улицей Вивульскё).

В доме под номером 28 с осени 1961 года помещался Вильнюсский филиал Каунасского политехнического института, ныне Вильнюсский технический институт имени Гядиминаса .

Городская стража

В конце улицы Басанавичяус у перекрёстка с улицей Муйтинес (в советское время Уборявичяус) стоит здание городской стражи ( Jono Basanavičiaus g. 44 / 34 ). Она построена на месте прежнего деревянного здания в стиле позднего классицизма ( ампир ) в 1819 году . Смету составил и, по-видимому, использовал типовой проект архитектора Захарова 1803 года губернский архитектор Жозеф Пусье . Рядом находились колонны , обозначающие городскую границу. Сохранилась ещё одно такое же здание на улице Лепкальнё . Здание четырёхугольное в плане, одноэтажное, с широким и низким портиком главного северного фасада. Здание кирпичное и оштукатуренное; крыша крыта черепицей . Антаблемент с высоким парапетом поддерживают четыре прямоугольных столба и шесть дорических колонн . Фасад опоясан зубчатым карнизом. Со стороны улицы перед зданием была сооружена платформа для построений солдат. Внутри находились помещения для солдат и офицеров. В 1857 — 1903 годах здесь находилась охраны располагавшихся поблизости военных продовольственных складов. В 1929 году в здании была устроена трансформаторная подстанция (действующая поныне), были замурованы окна и проделан вход со двора. ^[12] Здание относится к памятникам архитектуры местного значения, включено в регистр культурного наследия Литовской Республики и охраняется государством ^[13]

Часовня Святого Гиацинта

Неподалёку от бывшей городской заставы на противоположной стороне, в конце улицы, на углу улиц Конарскё и Йоваро, находится барочная часовня Святого Гиацинта ( часовня Святого Яцека ) оригинального треугольного плана со статуей святого наверху ^[14] . Предполагается, что часовню построили в 1501 году прибывшие в город доминиканцы; в 1762 году на её месте была возведена каменная часовня с деревянной статуей святого. Памятник архитектуры местного значения ^[15] , охраняется государством ^[16] .

За перекрёстком с улицами Муйтинес улица кончается. Продолжением её являются проспект Саванорю и улица С. Конарскё.

На улице Басанавичяус расположен дом, в котором герой рассказа Макса Фрая «Улица Басанавичяус (J. Basanavičiaus g.). Шесть комнат» из первого тома « Сказок старого Вильнюса » на протяжении пяти лет воссоздаёт шесть комнат, в которых ему в разное время хорошо жилось ^[17]

Басанавичяус 4

В доме по адресу Басанавичяус 4 с 1962 года до постройки современного здания в 1989 году размещался Вильнюсский планетарий .

• Мацейка Ю., Гудинас П. Вильнюс. Путеводитель по городу / Перевод с литовского Д. Гельпернаса. — Вильнюс: Государственное издательство политической и научной литературы Лит. ССР, 1962. — С. 247—252. — 392 с. — 15 000 экз.
• Venclova, Tomas. Wilno. Przewodnik / Tłumaczenie Beata Piasecka. — Wydanie czwarte. — Vilnius: R. Paknio leidykla, 2006. — С. 193—194. - 216 p. — ISBN 9986-830-47-8 . (польск.)

• J. Basanavičiaus g. (eng.) . International Survey of Architectural Values ​​in the Environment . The Baltic Inter-SAVE project in Vilnius (2000). Date of treatment January 31, 2014.
• J. Basanavičiaus gatvė Vilniuje (lit.) . Vilniaus katalogas . Date of treatment January 31, 2014.